CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-5836 (GCVE-0-2025-5836)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-07 13:31 – Updated: 2025-06-09 15:06
VLAI
Title
Tenda AC9 POST Request SetIPTVCfg formSetIptv command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC9 15.03.02.13. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function formSetIptv of the file /goform/SetIPTVCfg of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument list leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.311579 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311579 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.591363 | third-party-advisory |
| https://candle-throne-f75.notion.site/Tenda-AC9-f… | exploit |
| https://www.tenda.com.cn/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-58428 (GCVE-0-2025-58428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-23 19:49 – Updated: 2025-10-23 20:29
VLAI
Title
Command Injection in Veeder-Root TLS4B Automatic Tank Gauge System
Summary
The TLS4B ATG system's SOAP-based interface is vulnerable due to its accessibility through the web services handler. This vulnerability enables remote attackers with valid credentials to execute system-level commands on the underlying Linux system. This could allow the attacker to achieve remote command execution, full shell access, and potential lateral movement within the network.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Veeder-Root | TLS4B Automatic Tank Gauge System |
Affected:
0 , < 11.A
(custom)
Unaffected: 11.A |
Date Public
2025-10-23 17:51
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CVE-2025-59046 (GCVE-0-2025-59046)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 22:33 – Updated: 2025-09-10 13:07
VLAI
Title
interactive-git-checkout has Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
The npm package `interactive-git-checkout` is an interactive command-line tool that allows users to checkout a git branch while it prompts for the branch name on the command-line. It is available as an npm package and can be installed via `npm install -g interactive-git-checkout`. Versions up to and including 1.1.4 of the `interactive-git-checkout` tool are vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability because the software passes the branch name to the `git checkout` command using the Node.js child process module's `exec()` function without proper input validation or sanitization. Commit 8dd832dd302af287a61611f4f85e157cd1c6bb41 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ninofiliu/interactive-git-chec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ninofiliu/interactive-git-chec… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ninofiliu | interactive-git-checkout |
Affected:
<= 1.1.4
|
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CVE-2025-59252 (GCVE-0-2025-59252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 21:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
M365 Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Word Copilot |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-10-09 14:00
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CVE-2025-59272 (GCVE-0-2025-59272)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 21:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to perform information disclosure locally.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-10-09 14:00
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CVE-2025-59286 (GCVE-0-2025-59286)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 21:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-10-09 14:00
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CVE-2025-59337 (GCVE-0-2025-59337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-01 20:41 – Updated: 2025-10-02 15:56
VLAI
Title
Discourse: Cross-Site Data Exposure via Backup Restore Metacommand Injection in Multisite Deployments
Summary
Discourse is an open-source community discussion platform. In versions 3.5.0 and below, malicious meta-commands could be embedded in a backup dump and executed during restore. In multisite setups, this allowed an admin of one site to access data or credentials from other sites. This issue is fixed in version 3.5.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/435… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-59376 (GCVE-0-2025-59376)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-15 00:00 – Updated: 2025-09-15 15:10
VLAI
Summary
feiskyer mcp-kubernetes-server through 0.1.11 does not consider chained commands in the implementation of --disable-write and --disable-delete, e.g., it allows a "kubectl version; kubectl delete pod" command because the first word (i.e., "version") is not a write or delete operation.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| feiskyer | mcp-kubernetes-server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.1.11
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-5952 (GCVE-0-2025-5952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 05:00 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:18
VLAI
Title
Zend.To NSSDropoff.php exec os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Zend.To up to 6.10-6 Beta. This issue affects the function exec of the file NSSDropoff.php. The manipulation of the argument file_1 leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 6.10-7 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. This affects a rather old version of the software. The vendor recommends updating to the latest release. Additional countermeasures have been added in 6.15-8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.311789 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311789 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.589178 | third-party-advisory |
| https://matheuscezar.github.io/2025/05/24/0-day-i… | exploit |
Credits
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CVE-2025-59689 (GCVE-0-2025-59689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 00:00 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:48
VLAI
Summary
Libraesva ESG 4.5 through 5.5.x before 5.5.7 allows command injection via a compressed e-mail attachment. For ESG 5.0 a fix has been released in 5.0.31. For ESG 5.1 a fix has been released in 5.1.20. For ESG 5.2 a fix has been released in 5.2.31. For ESG 5.4 a fix has been released in 5.4.8. For ESG 5.5. a fix has been released in 5.5.7.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Libraesva | Email Security Gateway |
Affected:
4.5 , < 5.0.31
(custom)
Affected: 5.1 , < 5.1.20 (custom) Affected: 5.2 , < 5.2.31 (custom) Affected: 5.3 , < 5.4.8 (custom) Affected: 5.5 , < 5.5.7 (custom) |
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.