CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-1800 (GCVE-0-2025-1800)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-01 18:00 – Updated: 2025-03-05 02:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
D-Link DAR-7000 HTTP POST Request sxh_vpnlic.php get_ip_addr_details command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DAR-7000 3.2 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function get_ip_addr_details of the file /view/vpn/sxh_vpn/sxh_vpnlic.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument ethname leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298030 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298030 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.502971 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sjwszt/CVE/blob/main/CVE_1.md | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
| https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security… |
Credits
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CVE-2025-1819 (GCVE-0-2025-1819)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-02 16:31 – Updated: 2025-03-03 20:10
VLAI
Title
Tenda AC7 1200M telnet TendaTelnet os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda AC7 1200M 15.03.06.44. Affected is the function TendaTelnet of the file /goform/telnet. The manipulation of the argument lan_ip leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298092 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298092 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.504429 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Raining-101/IOT_cve/blob/main/… | exploit |
| https://www.tenda.com.cn/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-1829 (GCVE-0-2025-1829)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-02 19:00 – Updated: 2025-03-03 18:05
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK X18 cstecgi.cgi setMtknatCfg os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X18 9.1.0cu.2024_B20220329. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function setMtknatCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument mtkhnatEnable leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298096 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298096 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.504983 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sjwszt/CVE/blob/main/CVE_2.md | exploit |
| https://www.totolink.net/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-1845 (GCVE-0-2025-1845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-03 02:00 – Updated: 2025-03-03 17:33
VLAI
Title
ESAFENET DSM examExportPDF command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in ESAFENET DSM 3.1.2 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function examExportPDF of the file /admin/plan/examExportPDF. The manipulation of the argument s leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298111 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298111 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.505009 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/666lail/report/blob/main/tmp/2.md | exploit |
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CVE-2025-1910 (GCVE-0-2025-1910)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 21:56 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Title
WatchGuard Mobile VPN with SSL Local Privilege Escalation via Update Package
Summary
The WatchGuard Mobile VPN with SSL Client on Windows allows a locally
authenticated non-administrative Windows user to escalate their
privileges to NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM on the Windows machine where the VPN
Client is installed.This issue affects the Mobile VPN with SSL Client 12.0 up to and including 12.11.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Mobile VPN with SSL Client |
Affected:
12.0 , ≤ 12.11.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-1946 (GCVE-0-2025-1946)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-04 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-04 18:50
VLAI
Title
hzmanyun Education and Training System exportPDF command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function exportPDF of the file /user/exportPDF. The manipulation of the argument id leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298520 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298520 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.506657 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/heiheixz/report/blob/main/nxb_1.md | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hzmanyun | Education and Training System |
Affected:
2.1
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-1947 (GCVE-0-2025-1947)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-04 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-04 18:47
VLAI
Title
hzmanyun Education and Training System UploadImageController.java scorm command injection
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1.3. This affects the function scorm of the file UploadImageController.java. The manipulation of the argument param leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298521 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298521 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.506659 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/heiheixz/report/blob/main/nxb_2.md | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hzmanyun | Education and Training System |
Affected:
2.1.3
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-20117 (GCVE-0-2025-20117)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-26 16:11 – Updated: 2025-02-27 15:16
VLAI
Title
Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco APIC could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of arguments that are passed to specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input as the argument of an affected CLI command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with the privileges of root.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) |
Affected:
3.2(8d)
Affected: 3.2(1m) Affected: 3.2(5e) Affected: 4.1(2m) Affected: 3.2(41d) Affected: 3.2(3s) Affected: 4.0(3c) Affected: 4.1(1k) Affected: 3.2(4d) Affected: 4.2(2e) Affected: 4.2(3j) Affected: 4.2(3n) Affected: 4.0(1h) Affected: 4.1(1l) Affected: 3.2(9f) Affected: 4.2(3l) Affected: 4.2(2g) Affected: 3.2(7k) Affected: 3.2(9b) Affected: 3.2(3j) Affected: 4.1(2u) Affected: 4.2(1l) Affected: 4.1(1a) Affected: 4.0(3d) Affected: 3.2(4e) Affected: 4.1(1i) Affected: 3.2(5f) Affected: 3.2(1l) Affected: 4.2(1i) Affected: 4.1(2o) Affected: 4.2(1g) Affected: 4.1(2g) Affected: 4.2(2f) Affected: 3.2(6i) Affected: 3.2(3i) Affected: 3.2(3n) Affected: 4.1(2x) Affected: 3.2(5d) Affected: 4.2(3q) Affected: 4.1(1j) Affected: 4.1(2w) Affected: 3.2(2o) Affected: 3.2(3r) Affected: 4.0(2c) Affected: 4.1(2s) Affected: 3.2(7f) Affected: 3.2(3o) Affected: 3.2(2l) Affected: 4.2(1j) Affected: 4.2(4i) Affected: 3.2(9h) Affected: 5.0(1k) Affected: 4.2(4k) Affected: 5.0(1l) Affected: 5.0(2e) Affected: 4.2(4o) Affected: 4.2(4p) Affected: 5.0(2h) Affected: 4.2(5k) Affected: 4.2(5l) Affected: 4.2(5n) Affected: 5.1(1h) Affected: 4.2(6d) Affected: 5.1(2e) Affected: 4.2(6g) Affected: 4.2(6h) Affected: 5.1(3e) Affected: 3.2(10e) Affected: 4.2(6l) Affected: 4.2(7f) Affected: 5.1(4c) Affected: 4.2(6o) Affected: 5.2(1g) Affected: 5.2(2e) Affected: 4.2(7l) Affected: 3.2(10f) Affected: 5.2(2f) Affected: 5.2(2g) Affected: 4.2(7q) Affected: 5.2(2h) Affected: 5.2(3f) Affected: 5.2(3e) Affected: 5.2(3g) Affected: 4.2(7r) Affected: 4.2(7s) Affected: 5.2(4d) Affected: 5.2(4e) Affected: 4.2(7t) Affected: 5.2(5d) Affected: 3.2(10g) Affected: 5.2(5c) Affected: 6.0(1g) Affected: 4.2(7u) Affected: 5.2(5e) Affected: 5.2(4f) Affected: 5.2(6e) Affected: 6.0(1j) Affected: 5.2(6g) Affected: 5.2(7f) Affected: 4.2(7v) Affected: 5.2(7g) Affected: 6.0(2h) Affected: 4.2(7w) Affected: 5.2(6h) Affected: 5.2(4h) Affected: 5.2(8d) Affected: 6.0(2j) Affected: 5.2(8e) Affected: 6.0(3d) Affected: 6.0(3e) Affected: 5.2(8f) Affected: 5.2(8g) Affected: 5.3(1d) Affected: 5.2(8h) Affected: 6.0(4c) Affected: 5.3(2a) Affected: 5.2(8i) Affected: 6.0(5h) Affected: 5.3(2b) Affected: 6.0(3g) Affected: 6.0(5j) Affected: 5.3(2c) Affected: 6.0(6c) Affected: 6.1(1f) Affected: 6.0(7e) Affected: 5.3(2d) Affected: 6.0(8d) Affected: 5.3(2e) |
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CVE-2025-20258 (GCVE-0-2025-20258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 16:44 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:27
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the self-service portal of Cisco Duo could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands into emails that are sent by the service.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting arbitrary commands into a portion of an email that is sent by the service. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to send emails that contain malicious content to unsuspecting users.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
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"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-20258",
"datePublished": "2025-05-21T16:44:38.806Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-10T19:15:13.242Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:59.954Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-20278 (GCVE-0-2025-20278)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-04 16:18 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:51
VLAI
Title
Cisco Unified Communications Products Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of multiple Cisco Unified Communications products could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device as the root user.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied command arguments. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by executing crafted commands on the CLI of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device as the root user. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
Severity
6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Finesse |
Affected:
11.0(1)ES_Rollback
Affected: 10.5(1)ES4 Affected: 11.6(1)ES3 Affected: 11.0(1)ES2 Affected: 12.0(1)ES2 Affected: 10.5(1)ES3 Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 11.6(1)FIPS Affected: 11.6(1)ES4 Affected: 11.0(1)ES3 Affected: 10.5(1)ES6 Affected: 11.0(1)ES7 Affected: 11.5(1)ES4 Affected: 10.5(1)ES8 Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 10.5(1)ES10 Affected: 11.6(1)ES2 Affected: 11.6(1)ES Affected: 11.0(1)ES6 Affected: 11.0(1)ES4 Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 11.6(1)ES7 Affected: 10.5(1)ES7 Affected: 11.6(1)ES8 Affected: 11.5(1)ES1 Affected: 11.6(1)ES1 Affected: 11.5(1)ES5 Affected: 11.0(1)ES1 Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.6(1)ES6 Affected: 10.5(1)ES2 Affected: 12.0(1)ES1 Affected: 11.0(1)ES5 Affected: 10.5(1)ES5 Affected: 11.5(1)ES3 Affected: 11.5(1)ES2 Affected: 10.5(1)ES9 Affected: 11.6(1)ES5 Affected: 11.6(1)ES9 Affected: 11.5(1)ES6 Affected: 10.5(1)ES1 Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.0(1)ES3 Affected: 11.6(1)ES10 Affected: 12.5(1)ES1 Affected: 12.5(1)ES2 Affected: 12.0(1)ES4 Affected: 12.5(1)ES3 Affected: 12.0(1)ES5 Affected: 12.5(1)ES4 Affected: 12.0(1)ES6 Affected: 12.5(1)ES5 Affected: 12.5(1)ES6 Affected: 12.0(1)ES7 Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 12.5(1)ES7 Affected: 11.6(1)ES11 Affected: 12.6(1)ES1 Affected: 12.0(1)ES8 Affected: 12.5(1)ES8 Affected: 12.6(1)ES2 Affected: 12.6(1)ES3 Affected: 12.6(1)ES4 Affected: 12.6(1)ES5 Affected: 12.5(2) Affected: 12.5(1)_SU Affected: 12.5(1)SU Affected: 12.6(1)ES6 Affected: 12.5(1)SU ES1 Affected: 12.6(1)ES7 Affected: 12.6(1)ES7_ET Affected: 12.6(2) Affected: 12.6(1)ES8 Affected: 12.6(1)ES9 Affected: 12.6(2)ES1 Affected: 12.6(1)ES10 Affected: 12.5(1)SU ES2 Affected: 12.6(1)ES11 Affected: 12.6(2)ES2 Affected: 12.6(2)ES3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU ES3 Affected: 12.6(2)ES4 Affected: 12.6(2)ES5 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco SocialMiner |
Affected:
12.5(1)ES01
Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 10.6(1) Affected: 12.0(1)ES04 Affected: 10.6(2) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 11.6(2) Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 12.0(1)ES02 Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 11.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.0(1)ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Communications Manager |
Affected:
12.5(1)SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7a Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a Affected: 15 Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 14SU4a Affected: 15SU1a Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service |
Affected:
12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 14SU2a Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 15 Affected: Recovery ISO Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Contact Center Express |
Affected:
10.6(1)
Affected: 10.5(1)SU1 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3 Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 10.0(1)SU1 Affected: 10.6(1)SU1 Affected: 11.0(1)SU1 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1 Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 11.6(2) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES01 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES01 Affected: 11.6(2)ES07 Affected: 11.6(2)ES08 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES01 Affected: 12.0(1)ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)ES03 Affected: 11.6(2)ES06 Affected: 12.5(1)ES01 Affected: 12.0(1)ES03 Affected: 12.0(1)ES01 Affected: 11.6(2)ES05 Affected: 12.0(1)ES02 Affected: 11.6(2)ES04 Affected: 11.6(2)ES03 Affected: 11.6(2)ES02 Affected: 11.6(2)ES01 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES03 Affected: 11.0(1)SU1ES03 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES01 Affected: 10.5(1)SU1ES10 Affected: 10.0(1)SU1ES04 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES03 Affected: 11.6(1)ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)ES01 Affected: 9.0(2)SU3ES04 Affected: 10.6(1)SU2 Affected: 10.6(1)SU2ES04 Affected: 11.6(1)ES01 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES01 Affected: 8.5(1) Affected: 11.0(1)SU1ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES05 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES06 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Intelligence Center |
Affected:
11.6(1)
Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 11.0(2) Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU Affected: 12.6(1)_ET Affected: 12.6(1)_ES05_ET Affected: 11.0(3) Affected: 12.6(2) Affected: 12.6(2)_504_Issue_ET Affected: 12.6.1_ExcelIssue_ET Affected: 12.6(2)_Permalink_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwk19536_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwm96922_ET Affected: 12.6.2_Amq_OOS_ET Affected: 12.5(2)ET_CSCwi79933 Affected: 12.6(2)_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwn48501_ET |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unity Connection |
Affected:
12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 14SU3a Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a Affected: 15 Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Virtualized Voice Browser |
Affected:
11.0(1)
Affected: 11.6(1)_ES84 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES54 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES27 Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 11.5(1)ES36 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES01 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES85 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES05 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES32 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES83 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES29 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES06 Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.0(1)_ES07 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES80 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES05 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES36 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES53 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES08 Affected: 11.5(1)ES43 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES03 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES86 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES04 Affected: 11.5(1)ES27 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES03 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES88 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES06 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES82 Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 11.5(1)ES29 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES07 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES87 Affected: 11.6(1)_ES81 Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 11.6(1)_ES22 Affected: 11.5(1)_ES43 Affected: 11.5(1)ES32 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES02 Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 12.5(1)_ES09 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES01 Affected: 12.0(1)_ES08 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES10 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES11 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES12 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES13 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES14 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES04 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES05 Affected: 12.5(1)_ES15 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES06 Affected: 12.6(1)_ET Affected: 12.5(1)_ES16 Affected: 12.5(1)SU Affected: 12.5(1)_SU Affected: 12.5(1)_SU_ES01 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES07 Affected: 12.6(2) Affected: 12.5(1)_ES17 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES08 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES09 Affected: 12.6(1)_ES10 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU_ES02 Affected: 12.6(2)_ES01 Affected: 12.6(2)_ET01 Affected: 12.5(2)_ET Affected: 12.6(2)_ES02 Affected: 12.6(2)_ET_Streaming Affected: 12.6(2)ET_Transcribe Affected: 12.6(2)_ES03 Affected: 12.6(2)ET_NuanceMix Affected: 12.6(2)ET_FileUpload Affected: 12.6(2)_ET02 Affected: 12.6(2)_ES04 Affected: 12.6.2ET_RTPfallback Affected: 12.6.2ET_CSCwf55306 Affected: 12.6.2_ET_CSCwj36712 Affected: 12.5.2 ET-CSCwj33374 Affected: 12.5(1) SU ET Affected: 12.6(2)ET_CSCwj87296 Affected: 12.6(2)_ES05 Affected: 12.5.2_ET_CSCvz27014 Affected: 12.6(2)_ET Affected: 12.6.2-ET Affected: 12.6(2)ET_CSCwk83135 Affected: 12.6.2_ET_CX_ALAW Affected: 12.6.2-ET01-SSL Affected: 12.6(2)_ES06 |
{
"containers": {
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{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-20278",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
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{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
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],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-06T03:55:33.465322Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"type": "ssvc"
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:51:08.371Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"cna": {
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{
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"product": "Cisco Finesse",
"vendor": "Cisco",
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"version": "11.0(1)ES_Rollback"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"vendor": "Cisco",
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{
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"version": "10.5(1)"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
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"version": "12.5(1)SU1"
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{
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{
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"vendor": "Cisco",
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{
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"version": "12.5(1)SU2"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU5"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU6"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU7a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU8a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU4a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15SU1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU9"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU2a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Recovery ISO"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU9"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unified Contact Center Express",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.5(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES07"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES08"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES06"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(2)ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU3ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(1)SU1ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU3ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.5(1)SU1ES10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0(1)SU1ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)SU1ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.0(2)SU3ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU2ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.6(1)SU3ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)SU1ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)SU1ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "8.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(1)SU1ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES06"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unified Intelligence Center",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(2)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES05_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(3)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_504_Issue_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.1_ExcelIssue_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_Permalink_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_CSCwk19536_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_CSCwm96922_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_Amq_OOS_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(2)ET_CSCwi79933"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_CSCwn48501_ET"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unity Connection",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU8a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "15SU1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "14SU4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU9"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Virtualized Voice Browser",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES84"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES54"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES27"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES36"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES85"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES32"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES83"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES29"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES06"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES07"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES80"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES36"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES53"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES08"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES43"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES86"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES27"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES88"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES06"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES82"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES29"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES07"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES87"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES81"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.6(1)_ES22"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)_ES43"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.5(1)ES32"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES09"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0(1)_ES08"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES06"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)SU"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES07"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_ES17"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES08"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES09"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(1)_ES10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1)_SU_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ET01"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(2)_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ET_Streaming"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)ET_Transcribe"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES03"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)ET_NuanceMix"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)ET_FileUpload"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ET02"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES04"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2ET_RTPfallback"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2ET_CSCwf55306"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_ET_CSCwj36712"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5.2 ET-CSCwj33374"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5(1) SU ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)ET_CSCwj87296"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES05"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.5.2_ET_CSCvz27014"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2-ET"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)ET_CSCwk83135"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2_ET_CX_ALAW"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6.2-ET01-SSL"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.6(2)_ES06"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the CLI of multiple Cisco Unified Communications products could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device as the root user.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied command arguments. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by executing crafted commands on the CLI of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device as the root user. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-04T16:18:20.661Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-vos-command-inject-65s2UCYy",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-vos-command-inject-65s2UCYy"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-vos-command-inject-65s2UCYy",
"defects": [
"CSCwk24029"
],
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Cisco Unified Communications Products Command Injection Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-20278",
"datePublished": "2025-06-04T16:18:20.661Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-10T19:15:13.246Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:51:08.371Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.