CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-4850 (GCVE-0-2025-4850)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-18 03:00 – Updated: 2025-05-19 14:29
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N300RH cstecgi.cgi setUnloadUserData command injection
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TOTOLINK N300RH 6.1c.1390_B20191101. This affects the function setUnloadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument plugin_name leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309321 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309321 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.575073 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/… | broken-linkexploit |
| https://www.totolink.net/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-4851 (GCVE-0-2025-4851)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-18 03:31 – Updated: 2025-05-19 14:28
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N300RH cstecgi.cgi setUploadUserData command injection
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in TOTOLINK N300RH 6.1c.1390_B20191101. This vulnerability affects the function setUploadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309322 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309322 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.575074 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/… | broken-linkexploit |
| https://www.totolink.net/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-49823 (GCVE-0-2025-49823)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-17 02:21 – Updated: 2025-06-17 15:52
VLAI
Title
Conda Constructor Command Injection via Unsanitized User Input (Low)
Summary
(conda) Constructor is a tool which allows constructing an installer for a collection of conda packages. Prior to version 3.11.3, shell installer scripts process the installation prefix (user_prefix) using an eval statement, which executes unsanitized user input as shell code. Although the script runs with user privileges (not root), an attacker could exploit this by injecting arbitrary commands through a malicious path during installation. Exploitation requires explicit user action. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/conda/constructor/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/conda/constructor/commit/ce4c2… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| conda | constructor |
Affected:
< 3.11.3
|
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CVE-2025-49833 (GCVE-0-2025-49833)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-15 20:22 – Updated: 2025-07-16 14:02
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-045: GPT-SoVITS Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
GPT-SoVITS-WebUI is a voice conversion and text-to-speech webUI. In versions 20250228v3 and prior, there is a command injection vulnerability in the webui.py open_slice function. slice_opt_root and slice-inp-path takes user input, which is passed to the open_slice function, which concatenates the user input into a command and runs it on the server, leading to arbitrary command execution. At time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RVC-Boss | GPT-SoVITS |
Affected:
<= 20250228v3
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CVE-2025-49834 (GCVE-0-2025-49834)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-15 20:25 – Updated: 2025-07-16 14:01
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-046: GPT-SoVITS Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
GPT-SoVITS-WebUI is a voice conversion and text-to-speech webUI. In versions 20250228v3 and prior, there is a command injection vulnerability in webui.py open_denoise function. denoise_inp_dir and denoise_opt_dir take user input, which is passed to the open_denoise function, which concatenates the user input into a command and runs it on the server, leading to arbitrary command execution. At time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RVC-Boss | GPT-SoVITS |
Affected:
<= 20250228v3
|
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CVE-2025-49835 (GCVE-0-2025-49835)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-15 20:29 – Updated: 2025-07-16 13:55
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-047: GPT-SoVITS Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
GPT-SoVITS-WebUI is a voice conversion and text-to-speech webUI. In versions 20250228v3 and prior, there is a command injection vulnerability in webui.py open_asr function. asr_inp_dir (and a number of other variables) takes user input, which is passed to the open_asr function, which concatenates the user input into a command and runs it on the server, leading to arbitrary command execution. At time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RVC-Boss | GPT-SoVITS |
Affected:
<= 20250228v3
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CVE-2025-49836 (GCVE-0-2025-49836)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-15 20:31 – Updated: 2025-07-16 13:54
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-048: GPT-SoVITS Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
GPT-SoVITS-WebUI is a voice conversion and text-to-speech webUI. In versions 20250228v3 and prior, there is a command injection vulnerability in webui.py change_label function. path_list takes user input, which is passed to the change_label function, which concatenates the user input into a command and runs it on the server, leading to arbitrary command execution. At time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS/blob/16588… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RVC-Boss | GPT-SoVITS |
Affected:
<= 20250228v3
|
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CVE-2025-4999 (GCVE-0-2025-4999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 21:00 – Updated: 2025-05-21 14:02
VLAI
Title
Linksys FGW3000-AH/FGW3000-HK HTTP POST Request sysconf.cgi sub_4153FC command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sub_4153FC of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument supplicant_rnd_id_en leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309650 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309650 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.565909 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/… | broken-linkexploit |
| https://www.linksys.com/ | product |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linksys | FGW3000-AH |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17.000000 |
|
| Linksys | FGW3000-HK |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17.000000 |
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CVE-2025-5000 (GCVE-0-2025-5000)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 21:00 – Updated: 2025-05-21 14:00
VLAI
Title
Linksys FGW3000-AH/FGW3000-HK HTTP POST Request sysconf.cgi control_panel_sw command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function control_panel_sw of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309651 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309651 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.565992 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/… | exploit |
| https://www.linksys.com/ | product |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linksys | FGW3000-AH |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17.000000 |
|
| Linksys | FGW3000-HK |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17.000000 |
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CVE-2025-5030 (GCVE-0-2025-5030)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 16:31 – Updated: 2025-05-21 19:51
VLAI
Title
Ackites KillWxapkg wxapkg File Parser unpack.go processFile os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Ackites KillWxapkg up to 2.4.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function processFile of the file internal/unpack/unpack.go of the component wxapkg File Parser. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309850 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309850 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.580526 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/85 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/85#i… | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ackites | KillWxapkg |
Affected:
2.4.0
Affected: 2.4.1 |
Credits
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"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-5030",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-21T19:51:30.440762Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-21T19:51:50.194Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/85"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"wxapkg File Parser"
],
"product": "KillWxapkg",
"vendor": "Ackites",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.4.1"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "zznQ (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in Ackites KillWxapkg up to 2.4.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function processFile of the file internal/unpack/unpack.go of the component wxapkg File Parser. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In Ackites KillWxapkg bis 2.4.1 wurde eine Schwachstelle ausgemacht. Sie wurde als kritisch eingestuft. Es geht um die Funktion processFile der Datei internal/unpack/unpack.go der Komponente wxapkg File Parser. Mit der Manipulation mit unbekannten Daten kann eine os command injection-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Die Komplexit\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Das Ausnutzen gilt als schwierig. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 2.3,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 5.1,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "OS Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-21T16:31:04.911Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-309850 | Ackites KillWxapkg wxapkg File Parser unpack.go processFile os command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309850"
},
{
"name": "VDB-309850 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309850"
},
{
"name": "Submit #580526 | KillWxapkg v2.4.1 OS Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.580526"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/85"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/85#issue-3052039180"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-05-21T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-05-21T13:03:43.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Ackites KillWxapkg wxapkg File Parser unpack.go processFile os command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-5030",
"datePublished": "2025-05-21T16:31:04.911Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-21T10:58:36.066Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-21T19:51:50.194Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.