CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-53773 (GCVE-0-2025-53773)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 17:09 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49
VLAI
Title
GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 |
Affected:
17.14.0 , < 17.14.12
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-08-12 07:00
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CVE-2025-53774 (GCVE-0-2025-53774)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-07 21:01 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Microsoft 365 Copilot BizChat Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft 365 Copilot BizChat Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-08-07 07:00
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CVE-2025-53787 (GCVE-0-2025-53787)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-07 21:01 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Microsoft 365 Copilot BizChat Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft 365 Copilot BizChat Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-08-07 07:00
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CVE-2025-53832 (GCVE-0-2025-53832)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 20:18 – Updated: 2025-07-21 20:50
VLAI
Title
@translated/lara-mcp vulnerable to command injection in import_tmx tool
Summary
Lara Translate MCP Server is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) Server for Lara Translate API. Versions 0.0.11 and below contain a command injection vulnerability which exists in the @translated/lara-mcp MCP Server. The vulnerability is caused by the unsanitized use of input parameters within a call to child_process.exec, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution under the server process's privileges. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This introduces the possibility of shell metacharacter injection (|, >, &&, etc.). This vulnerability is fixed in version 0.0.12.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/translated/lara-mcp/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/translated/lara-mcp/commit/e53… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| translated | lara-mcp |
Affected:
< 0.0.12
|
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CVE-2025-54073 (GCVE-0-2025-54073)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-18 15:45 – Updated: 2025-07-22 18:31
VLAI
Title
mcp-package-docs vulnerable to command injection in several tools
Summary
mcp-package-docs is an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server that provides LLMs with efficient access to package documentation across multiple programming languages and language server protocol (LSP) capabilities. A command injection vulnerability exists in the `mcp-package-docs` MCP Server prior to the fix in commit cb4ad49615275379fd6f2f1cf1ec4731eec56eb9. The vulnerability is caused by the unsanitized use of input parameters within a call to `child_process.exec`, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution under the server process's privileges. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This introduces the possibility of shell metacharacter injection (`|`, `>`, `&&`, etc.). Commit cb4ad49615275379fd6f2f1cf1ec4731eec56eb9 in version 0.1.27 contains a fix for the issue, but upgrading to 0.1.28 is recommended.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-package-docs/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-package-docs/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://equixly.com/blog/2025/03/29/mcp-server-ne… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3q26-f695-pp76 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5w57-2ccq-8w95 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gjv4-ghm7-q58q | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-package-docs/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-package-docs/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://invariantlabs.ai/blog/mcp-github-vulnerability | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sammcj | mcp-package-docs |
Affected:
< 0.1.27
|
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"value": "mcp-package-docs is an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server that provides LLMs with efficient access to package documentation across multiple programming languages and language server protocol (LSP) capabilities. A command injection vulnerability exists in the `mcp-package-docs` MCP Server prior to the fix in commit cb4ad49615275379fd6f2f1cf1ec4731eec56eb9. The vulnerability is caused by the unsanitized use of input parameters within a call to `child_process.exec`, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution under the server process\u0027s privileges. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This introduces the possibility of shell metacharacter injection (`|`, `\u003e`, `\u0026\u0026`, etc.). Commit cb4ad49615275379fd6f2f1cf1ec4731eec56eb9 in version 0.1.27 contains a fix for the issue, but upgrading to 0.1.28 is recommended."
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CVE-2025-54100 (GCVE-0-2025-54100)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:56 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:19
VLAI
Title
PowerShell Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows PowerShell allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
24 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
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CVE-2025-54131 (GCVE-0-2025-54131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:05 – Updated: 2025-08-04 13:57
VLAI
Title
Cursor bypasses its allow list to execute arbitrary commands
Summary
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions below 1.3, an attacker can bypass the allow list in auto-run mode with a backtick (`) or $(cmd). If a user has swapped Cursor from its default settings (requiring approval for every terminal call) to an allowlist, an attacker can execute arbitrary command execution outside of the allowlist without user approval. An attacker can trigger this vulnerability if chained with indirect prompt injection. This is fixed in version 1.3.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2025-54377 (GCVE-0-2025-54377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-23 20:36 – Updated: 2025-07-23 20:48
VLAI
Title
Roo Code Lacks Line Break Validation in its Command Execution Tool
Summary
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. In versions 3.23.18 and below, RooCode does not validate line breaks (\n) in its command input, allowing potential bypass of the allow-list mechanism. The project appears to lack parsing or validation logic to prevent multi-line command injection. When commands are evaluated for execution, only the first line or token may be considered, enabling attackers to smuggle additional commands in subsequent lines. This is fixed in version 3.23.19.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RooCodeInc/Roo-Code/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RooCodeInc/Roo-Code/commit/9d4… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RooCodeInc | Roo-Code |
Affected:
< 3.23.19
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CVE-2025-5438 (GCVE-0-2025-5438)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 09:00 – Updated: 2025-06-02 12:35
VLAI
Title
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 WPS command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function WPS of the file /goform/WPS. The manipulation of the argument PIN leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.310777 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310777 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.584360 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Link… | exploit |
| https://www.linksys.com/ | product |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linksys | RE6500 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6250 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6300 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6350 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE7000 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE9000 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
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"title": "Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 WPS command injection"
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-5438",
"datePublished": "2025-06-02T09:00:19.465Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-01T17:06:14.336Z",
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CVE-2025-5439 (GCVE-0-2025-5439)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 09:31 – Updated: 2025-06-02 12:33
VLAI
Title
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 verifyFacebookLike os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function verifyFacebookLike of the file /goform/verifyFacebookLike. The manipulation of the argument uid/accessToken leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.310778 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310778 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.584361 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Link… | exploit |
| https://www.linksys.com/ | product |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linksys | RE6500 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6250 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6300 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE6350 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE7000 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
|
| Linksys | RE9000 |
Affected:
1.0.013.001
Affected: 1.0.04.001 Affected: 1.0.04.002 Affected: 1.1.05.003 Affected: 1.2.07.001 |
Credits
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"vendor": "Linksys",
"versions": [
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"version": "1.0.013.001"
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{
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"version": "1.0.04.001"
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{
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"version": "1.1.05.003"
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"version": "1.2.07.001"
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{
"product": "RE7000",
"vendor": "Linksys",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.013.001"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.04.001"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.04.002"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1.05.003"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.07.001"
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{
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"version": "1.0.013.001"
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},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "Eine kritische Schwachstelle wurde in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001 ausgemacht. Betroffen davon ist die Funktion verifyFacebookLike der Datei /goform/verifyFacebookLike. Mittels Manipulieren des Arguments uid/accessToken mit unbekannten Daten kann eine os command injection-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
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"metrics": [
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.