CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
CVE-2026-41138 (GCVE-0-2026-41138)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 19:05 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:20
VLAI
Title
Flowise: Remote code execution vulnerability in AirtableAgent.ts caused by lack of input verification when using Pandas.
Summary
Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. Prior to 3.1.0, there is a remote code execution vulnerability in AirtableAgent.ts caused by lack of input verification when using Pandas. The user’s input is directly applied to the question parameter within the prompt template and it is reflected to the Python code without any sanitization. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.1.0.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-41148 (GCVE-0-2026-41148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-22 22:03 – Updated: 2026-05-27 13:25
VLAI
Title
Mermaid: Improper sanitization of `classDefs` in diagrams leads to CSS injection
Summary
Mermaid is a JavaScript tool that uses Markdown-inspired text to create and modify diagrams and charts. Versions 10.9.5 and prior, in addition to 11.0.0-alpha.1 through 11.12.0 are vulnerable to CSS injection through improper sanitization. The state diagram (and any other diagram type that routes user-controlled style strings through the createCssStyles parser) captures classDef values using an unrestricted regex that matches everything up to a newline. That value then flows unsanitized through addStyleClass() into createCssStyles() and is assigned to style.innerHTML, so a closing brace (}) in the value terminates the generated CSS selector and turns everything after it into a new CSS rule on the page. This enables page defacement, user tracking via url() callbacks, and DOM attribute exfiltration. This issue has been fixed in versions 10.9.6 and 11.15.0. If developers are unable to immediately upgrade, they can work around this issue by setting "securityLevel": "sandbox", which prevents the issue by rendering the mermaid diagram in a sandboxed <iframe>.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/8fea… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/e9b0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://mermaid.js.org/config/schema-docs/config.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mermaid-js | mermaid |
Affected:
>= 11.0.0-alpha.1, < 11.15.0
Affected: < 10.9.6 |
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CVE-2026-41149 (GCVE-0-2026-41149)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-22 22:34 – Updated: 2026-05-23 03:22
VLAI
Title
Mermaid: Improper sanitization of `classDef` in state diagrams leads to HTML injection
Summary
Mermaid is a JavaScript tool that uses Markdown-inspired text to create and modify diagrams and charts. Versions 10.9.5 and earlier, as well as 11.0.0-alpha.1 through 11.14.0, are vulnerable to HTML injection under the default configuration. Specifically, the classDef directive in Mermaid state diagrams permits DOM injection that escapes the SVG context. However, <script> tags are stripped, which prevents cross-site scripting (XSS). This issue has been fixed in versions 10.9.6 and 11.15.0. If developers are unable to immediately upgrade, they can work around this issue by setting "securityLevel": "sandbox", which prevents the issue by rendering the mermaid diagram in a sandboxed <iframe>.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/37ff… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/4e2d… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mermaid-js | mermaid |
Affected:
>= 11.0.0-alpha.1, < 11.15.0
Affected: < 10.9.6 |
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CVE-2026-41159 (GCVE-0-2026-41159)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 13:53 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:02
VLAI
Title
Mermaid: Improper sanitization of configuration leads to CSS injection
Summary
Mermaid is a JavaScript tool that uses Markdown-inspired text to create and modify diagrams and charts. Prior to 10.9.6 and 11.15.0, Mermaid's default configuration allows injecting CSS that applies outside of the Mermaid diagram via the fontFamily, themeCSS, and altFontFamily configuration options. The injected CSS exploits stylis's & (scope reference) handling. :not(&) escapes the #mermaid-xxx automatic scoping, applying styles to all page elements. Global at-rules (@font-face, @keyframes, @counter-style) are also injectable as stylis hoists them to top level. This allows page defacement and DOM attribute exfiltration via CSS :has() selectors. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.9.6 and 11.15.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/6476… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mermaid-js | mermaid |
Affected:
>= 11.0.0-alpha.1, < 11.15.0
Affected: < 10.9.6 |
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CVE-2026-41196 (GCVE-0-2026-41196)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 00:28 – Updated: 2026-04-23 14:38
VLAI
Title
Luanti has a mod security sandbox escape
Summary
Luanti (formerly Minetest) is an open source voxel game-creation platform. Starting in version 5.0.0 and prior to version 5.15.2, a malicious mod can trivially escape the sandboxed Lua environment to execute arbitrary code and gain full filesystem access on the user's device. This applies to the server-side mod, async and mapgen as well as the client-side (CSM) environments. This vulnerability is only exploitable when using LuaJIT. Version 5.15.2 contains a patch. On release versions, one can also patch this issue without recompiling by editing `builtin/init.lua` and adding the line `getfenv = nil` at the end. Note that this will break mods relying on this function (which is not inherently unsafe).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/luanti-org/luanti/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/luanti-org/luanti/commit/8a929… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| luanti-org | luanti |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.15.2
|
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CVE-2026-41229 (GCVE-0-2026-41229)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 03:44 – Updated: 2026-04-23 12:31
VLAI
Title
Froxlor has a PHP Code Injection via Unescaped Single Quotes in userdata.inc.php Generation (MysqlServer API)
Summary
Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, `PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` writes string values into single-quoted PHP string literals without escaping single quotes. When an admin with `change_serversettings` permission adds or updates a MySQL server via the API, the `privileged_user` parameter (which has no input validation) is written unescaped into `lib/userdata.inc.php`. Since this file is `require`d on every request via `Database::getDB()`, an attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code that executes as the web server user on every subsequent page load. Version 2.3.6 contains a patch.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/3589ddf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41242 (GCVE-0-2026-41242)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-18 16:18 – Updated: 2026-04-20 16:03
VLAI
Title
protobufjs has an arbitrary code execution issue
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. In versions prior to 8.0.1 and 7.5.5, attackers can inject arbitrary code in the "type" fields of protobuf definitions, which will then execute during object decoding using that definition. Versions 8.0.1 and 7.5.5 patch the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | protobuf.js |
Affected:
< 7.5.5
Affected: >= 8.0.0-experimental, < 8.0.1 |
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CVE-2026-41246 (GCVE-0-2026-41246)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 18:44 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:20
VLAI
Title
Contour: Lua code injection via Cookie Path Rewrite Policy
Summary
Contour is a Kubernetes ingress controller using Envoy proxy. From v1.19.0 to before v1.33.4, v1.32.5, and v1.31.6, Contour's Cookie Rewriting feature is vulnerable to Lua code injection. An attacker with RBAC permissions to create or modify HTTPProxy resources can craft a malicious value in spec.routes[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.value or spec.routes[].services[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.value that results in arbitrary code execution in the Envoy proxy. The cookie rewriting feature is internally implemented using Envoy's HTTP Lua filter. User-controlled values are interpolated into Lua source code using Go text/template without sufficient sanitization. The injected code only executes when processing traffic on the attacker's own route, which they already control. However, since Envoy runs as shared infrastructure, the injected code can also read Envoy's xDS client credentials from the filesystem or cause denial of service for other tenants sharing the Envoy instance. This vulnerability is fixed in v1.33.4, v1.32.5, and v1.31.6.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| projectcontour | contour |
Affected:
>= 1.33.0, < 1.33.4
Affected: >= 1.32.0, < 1.32.5 Affected: >= 1.19.0, < 1.31.6 |
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CVE-2026-41249 (GCVE-0-2026-41249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-04 19:26 – Updated: 2026-06-08 19:15
VLAI
Title
CoreShop Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure `pull_request_target` Configuration
Summary
CoreShop is a Pimcore enhanced eCommerce solution. In versions 5.0.1 through 5.1.0-beta.1,, the GitHub Actions workflow (`.github/workflows/static.yml`) uses the `pull_request_target` trigger but dangerously checks out the unverified code from the pull request head (`ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}`). Subsequently, it executes a script (`bin/console`) from this untrusted checkout. This allows any external attacker to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the GitHub Actions runner simply by submitting a malicious Pull Request. Also known as a "Pwn Request" vulnerability. As of time of publication, `pull_request_target` is still in the file.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coreshop/CoreShop/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/coreshop/CoreShop/commit/cc1e3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreshop/CoreShop/blob/5.1.0-b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-41258 (GCVE-0-2026-41258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-15 16:13 – Updated: 2026-05-15 16:40
VLAI
Title
OpenMRS: Stored Velocity SSTI to RCE via ConceptReferenceRange
Summary
OpenMRS is an open source electronic medical record system platform. From 2.7.0 to before 2.7.9 and 2.8.6, the ConceptReferenceRangeUtility.evaluateCriteria() method in OpenMRS Core evaluates database-stored criteria strings as Apache Velocity templates without any sandbox configuration. The VelocityEngine is initialized with only logging properties and noSecureUberspector, leaving the default UberspectImpl in place, which allows unrestricted Java reflection through template expressions. A user with the Manage Concepts privilege can store a malicious Velocity template expression in a concept's reference range criteria field. This payload is then executed automatically whenever a user or API call validates an observation against the affected concept. The Velocity context exposes $patient (the Person / Patient object), $obs (the Obs object), and $fn (the ConceptReferenceRangeUtility instance with access to the full OpenMRS service layer). This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.9 and 2.8.6.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openmrs/openmrs-core/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| openmrs | openmrs-core |
Affected:
>= 2.7.0 < 2.7.9
Affected: >= 2.8.0 < 2.8.6 |
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Description:
- Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Phase: Testing
Description:
- Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.