Affected: nltk

NLTK before 3.10.0 (affected versions <= 3.9.4) contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the validate_network_url() function in nltk/pathsec.py. The _resolve_hostname() helper catches OSError and ValueError during socket.getaddrinfo() and returns an empty list; when DNS resolution fails, the validation loop executes no IP checks and the function fails open, allowing urlopen() to proceed without validation. An attacker who can trigger DNS resolution failures or use DNS rebinding can bypass SSRF protections and reach restricted network resources, including cloud metadata endpoints (e.g., 169.254.169.254).

Affected: PyPI: nltk

There is an SSRF vulnerability in NLTK 3.9.4's network URL validation. The validate_network_url() function in nltk/pathsec.py fails open when DNS resolution returns an error.

The _resolve_hostname() helper at lines 193-234 catches OSError and ValueError during socket.getaddrinfo() and returns an empty list []. When this happens, the validation loop in validate_network_url() iterates over nothing (for addr in resolved: ... never executes), with no else/fallback check. The function returns normally, and urlopen() proceeds to make the request without any IP validation.

This means: 1. If DNS is temporarily unavailable, ALL SSRF protections are disabled 2. DNS rebinding attacks bypass the check after the LRU cache entry expires 3. In environments with unreliable resolvers, the protection is permanently bypassed

PoC: ```python import nltk.pathsec import unittest.mock

# Simulate DNS failure with unittest.mock.patch('socket.getaddrinfo', side_effect=OSError('DNS unavailable')): # This SHOULD raise but doesn't -- fails open nltk.pathsec.validate_network_url('http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/') # Returns normally, allowing SSRF to cloud metadata ```

The correct behavior is fail-closed: if DNS resolution fails, the URL should be REJECTED (not allowed). The function should raise an exception or return a failure status when _resolve_hostname() returns an empty list.

This is distinct from CVE-2024-39705 (which addressed pickle deserialization) and CVE-2026-33236 (…

Affected: PyPI: nltk

NLTK before 3.10.0 (affected versions <= 3.9.4) contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the validate_network_url() function in nltk/pathsec.py. The _resolve_hostname() helper catches OSError and ValueError during socket.getaddrinfo() and returns an empty list; when DNS resolution fails, the validation loop executes no IP checks and the function fails open, allowing urlopen() to proceed without validation. An attacker who can trigger DNS resolution failures or use DNS rebinding can bypass SSRF protections and reach restricted network resources, including cloud metadata endpoints (e.g., 169.254.169.254).