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  <updated>2026-10-06T19:38:33.354813+00:00</updated>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-wmmp-3585-3rmp</id>
    <title>GHSA-wmmp-3585-3rmp — Nodemailer: IDN/Punycode domain allow-list bypass leads to email delivery to an attacker-controlled domain</title>
    <updated>2026-10-06T19:38:33.367310+00:00</updated>
    <content type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> npm: nodemailer</p>
<p>### Summary</p>
<p>Nodemailer resolves an international (IDN / non-ASCII) recipient **domain** to a different Punycode `xn--` label than every UTS‑46‑conformant parser (web browsers, the WHATWG URL Standard, Node's `url.domainToASCII`, Python's `idna`). Its address normalizer (`_normalizeAddress` in `lib/mime-node/index.js`) uses the bundled **raw RFC‑3492 Punycode codec with no UTS‑46 mapping/normalization**, so a domain that a standards‑compliant validator maps to a trusted domain is delivered by Nodemailer to a **different, attacker‑registrable domain**.</p>
<p>An application that applies a domain allow‑list / same‑domain check to a recipient using a normal IDN‑aware parser (or that shows the normalized recipient to a user for confirmation) and then relies on Nodemailer to deliver to that domain can be induced to send email to an **unintended external domain**. This is the same weakness class as CVE‑2025‑13033 (Interpretation Conflict, CWE‑436) but reached through IDN/Punycode rather than quoted local‑parts, and it is not addressed by the 7.0.7 fix.</p>
<p>Because the mismatch can be triggered with an **invisible** character (U+00AD SOFT HYPHEN) that UTS‑46 folds away to the *exact* trusted domain string, no visible look‑alike/homograph is required.</p>
<p>### Details</p>
<p>`lib/mime-node/index.js` → `_normalizeAddress(address)` (around lines 1307–1346) splits the address at the last `@` and normalizes the domain like this:</p>
<p>```js
// lib/mime-node/index.js
try {
    if (/[\x80-]/.test(user)) {…</p></div>
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    <link href="https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-wmmp-3585-3rmp"/>
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