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  <updated>2026-10-01T15:22:32.841061+00:00</updated>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-9cx6-37pm-9jff</id>
    <title>GHSA-9cx6-37pm-9jff — Handlebars.js has Denial of Service via Malformed Decorator Syntax in Template Compilation</title>
    <updated>2026-10-01T15:22:32.944598+00:00</updated>
    <content type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> npm: handlebars</p>
<p>## Summary</p>
<p>When a Handlebars template contains decorator syntax referencing an unregistered decorator (e.g. `{{*n}}`), the compiled template calls `lookupProperty(decorators, "n")`, which returns `undefined`. The runtime then immediately invokes the result as a function, causing an unhandled `TypeError: ... is not a function` that crashes the Node.js process. Any application that compiles user-supplied templates without wrapping the call in a `try/catch` is vulnerable to a single-request Denial of Service.</p>
<p>## Description</p>
<p>In `lib/handlebars/compiler/javascript-compiler.js`, the code generated for a decorator invocation looks like:</p>
<p>```javascript
fn = lookupProperty(decorators, "n")(fn, props, container, options) || fn;
```</p>
<p>When `"n"` is not a registered decorator, `lookupProperty(decorators, "n")` returns `undefined`. The expression immediately attempts to call `undefined` as a function, producing:</p>
<p>```
TypeError: lookupProperty(...) is not a function
```</p>
<p>Because the error is thrown inside the compiled template function and is not caught by the runtime, it propagates up as an unhandled exception and — when not caught by the application — crashes the Node.js process.</p>
<p>This inconsistency is notable: references to unregistered **helpers** produce a clean `"Missing helper: ..."` error, while references to unregistered **decorators** cause a hard crash.</p>
<p>**Attack scenario:** An attacker submits `{{*n}}` as template content to any endpoint that calls `Handlebars.compile(userIn…</p></div>
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    <link href="https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-9cx6-37pm-9jff"/>
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