CVE-2025-38528 — bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers

Affected: Linux

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers

static const char fmt[] = "%p%"; bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));

The above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at runtime:

Please remove unsupported %\x00 in format string WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0

This happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %, detected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by not skipping over punctuation. %\x00 is then processed in the next iteration and rejected.

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CVE-2025-38528 — bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers