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    <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu</link>
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    <lastBuildDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 06:53:53 +0000</lastBuildDate>
    <item>
      <title>CVE-2022-39348 — Twisted vulnerable to NameVirtualHost Host header injection</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2022-39348</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twisted is an event-based framework for internet applications. Started with version 0.9.4, when the host header does not match a configured host `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection. In practice this should be very difficult to exploit as being able to modify the Host header of a normal HTTP request implies that one is already in a privileged position. This issue was fixed in version 22.10.0rc1. There are no known workarounds.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twisted is an event-based framework for internet applications. Started with version 0.9.4, when the host header does not match a configured host `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection. In practice this should be very difficult to exploit as being able to modify the Host header of a normal HTTP request implies that one is already in a privileged position. This issue was fixed in version 22.10.0rc1. There are no known workarounds.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2022-39348</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GHSA-vg46-2rrj-3647 — Twisted vulnerable to NameVirtualHost Host header injection</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-vg46-2rrj-3647</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: Twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the host header does not match a configured host, `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Example configuration:
```python
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.vhost import NameVirtualHost
from twisted.internet import reactor&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;resource = NameVirtualHost()
site = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()
```
Output:
```
❯ curl -H&amp;#34;Host:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;HELLO THERE&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#34; http://localhost:8080/&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;head&amp;gt;&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;404 - No Such Resource&amp;lt;/title&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/head&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;No Such Resource&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;host b&amp;#39;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;hello there&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#39; not in vhost map&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;/body&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This vulnerability was introduced in f49041bb67792506d85aeda9cf6157e92f8048f4 and first appeared in the 0.9.4 release.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: Twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the host header does not match a configured host, `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Example configuration:
```python
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.vhost import NameVirtualHost
from twisted.internet import reactor&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;resource = NameVirtualHost()
site = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()
```
Output:
```
❯ curl -H&amp;#34;Host:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;HELLO THERE&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#34; http://localhost:8080/&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;head&amp;gt;&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;404 - No Such Resource&amp;lt;/title&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/head&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;No Such Resource&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;host b&amp;#39;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;hello there&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#39; not in vhost map&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;/body&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This vulnerability was introduced in f49041bb67792506d85aeda9cf6157e92f8048f4 and first appeared in the 0.9.4 release.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-vg46-2rrj-3647</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PYSEC-2026-1055 — Twisted vulnerable to NameVirtualHost Host header injection</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/pysec-2026-1055</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the host header does not match a configured host, `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Example configuration:
```python
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.vhost import NameVirtualHost
from twisted.internet import reactor&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;resource = NameVirtualHost()
site = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()
```
Output:
```
❯ curl -H&amp;#34;Host:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;HELLO THERE&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#34; http://localhost:8080/&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;head&amp;gt;&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;404 - No Such Resource&amp;lt;/title&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/head&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;No Such Resource&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;host b&amp;#39;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;hello there&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#39; not in vhost map&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;/body&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This vulnerability was introduced in f49041bb67792506d85aeda9cf6157e92f8048f4 and first appeared in the 0.9.4 release.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: twisted&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the host header does not match a configured host, `twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost` will return a `NoResource` resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Example configuration:
```python
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.vhost import NameVirtualHost
from twisted.internet import reactor&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;resource = NameVirtualHost()
site = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()
```
Output:
```
❯ curl -H&amp;#34;Host:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;HELLO THERE&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#34; http://localhost:8080/&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;head&amp;gt;&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;404 - No Such Resource&amp;lt;/title&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/head&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;No Such Resource&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;host b&amp;#39;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;hello there&amp;lt;/h1&amp;gt;&amp;#39; not in vhost map&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;/body&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This vulnerability was introduced in f49041bb67792506d85aeda9cf6157e92f8048f4 and first appeared in the 0.9.4 release.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/pysec-2026-1055</guid>
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