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      <title>CVE-2026-103651 — MISP HOTP Token Replay via Stale Session-Cached Counter Allows Second-Factor Authentication Bypass</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-103651</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; MISP&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user&amp;#39;s session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preconditions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Security impact:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user&amp;#39;s MISP account.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Affected versions: &amp;lt;2.5.48.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; MISP&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user&amp;#39;s session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preconditions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Security impact:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user&amp;#39;s MISP account.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Affected versions: &amp;lt;2.5.48.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-103651</guid>
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