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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:24:54 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>CVE-2026-43971 — Link Header Directive Smuggling via Unescaped target/rel/Attribute Keys in cow_link:link/1</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-43971</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; ninenines cowlib&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows Link header directive smuggling via unescaped special characters in cow_link:link/1.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;cow_link:do_link/1 in cowlib interpolates the target URI, rel value, and attribute keys directly into the serialized Link: header value without escaping or token-grammar validation. A &amp;gt; byte in target prematurely closes the URI slot, allowing an attacker to append additional link entries with attacker-chosen rel directives. A &amp;#34; or \ in rel escapes the quoted string and opens new parameters. Any byte — including whitespace, =, and &amp;#34; — in an attribute key is emitted verbatim. Because browsers act on Link: directives such as rel=&amp;#34;preconnect&amp;#34;, rel=&amp;#34;preload&amp;#34;, and rel=&amp;#34;prerender&amp;#34;, an attacker who can influence these fields in an application that round-trips parsed Link headers through cow_link:link/1 can force victim browsers to make out-of-band connections to attacker-controlled origins.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.20.0.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; ninenines cowlib&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows Link header directive smuggling via unescaped special characters in cow_link:link/1.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;cow_link:do_link/1 in cowlib interpolates the target URI, rel value, and attribute keys directly into the serialized Link: header value without escaping or token-grammar validation. A &amp;gt; byte in target prematurely closes the URI slot, allowing an attacker to append additional link entries with attacker-chosen rel directives. A &amp;#34; or \ in rel escapes the quoted string and opens new parameters. Any byte — including whitespace, =, and &amp;#34; — in an attribute key is emitted verbatim. Because browsers act on Link: directives such as rel=&amp;#34;preconnect&amp;#34;, rel=&amp;#34;preload&amp;#34;, and rel=&amp;#34;prerender&amp;#34;, an attacker who can influence these fields in an application that round-trips parsed Link headers through cow_link:link/1 can force victim browsers to make out-of-band connections to attacker-controlled origins.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.20.0.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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