CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
452 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-54VW-F4XF-F92J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:12 – Updated: 2025-07-23 13:37Summary
All pages within the HAX CMS application do not contain headers to stop other websites from loading the site within an iframe. This applies to both the CMS and generated sites.
PoC
To replicate this vulnerability, load the target page in an iframe and observe the rendered content.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can load the standalone login page or other sensitive functionality within an iframe, performing a UI redressing attack (Clickjacking). This can be used to perform social engineering attacks to attempt to coerce users into performing unintended actions within the HAX CMS application.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "elmsln/haxcms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54139"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-21T21:12:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-23T00:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAll pages within the HAX CMS application do not contain headers to stop other websites from loading the site within an iframe. This applies to both the CMS and generated sites.\n\n### PoC\n\nTo replicate this vulnerability, load the target page in an iframe and observe the rendered content.\n\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can load the standalone login page or other sensitive functionality within an iframe, performing a UI redressing attack (Clickjacking). This can be used to perform social engineering attacks to attempt to coerce users into performing unintended actions within the HAX CMS application.",
"id": "GHSA-54vw-f4xf-f92j",
"modified": "2025-07-23T13:37:04Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T21:12:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advisories/GHSA-54vw-f4xf-f92j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs/commit/777f9a7ff9675a160496f350d766df1f1f9b9b99"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/commit/708dc8518928fe307044e67bff8b0f397cfdd606"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "HAX CMS application pages vulnerable to clickjacking"
}
GHSA-56QP-2WVP-MGX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 21:30 – Updated: 2025-07-16 21:30A
Clickjacking vulnerability in TP-Link Archer C1200 web management page allows an attacker to trick users into performing unintended actions via rendered UI layers or frames.This issue affects Archer C1200 <= 1.1.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T20:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A \n\nClickjacking\u00a0vulnerability in TP-Link Archer C1200 web management page allows an attacker to trick users into performing unintended actions via rendered UI layers or frames.This issue affects Archer C1200 \u003c= 1.1.5.",
"id": "GHSA-56qp-2wvp-mgx4",
"modified": "2025-07-16T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-07-16T21:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4539"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-573M-FGH4-JC94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:30The fullscreen notification could have been hidden on Firefox for Android by using download popups, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks.
This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 111.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The fullscreen notification could have been hidden on Firefox for Android by using download popups, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. \u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 111.",
"id": "GHSA-573m-fgh4-jc94",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1783561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-57W5-88PW-9866
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31An attacker may exploit missing protection against clickjacking by tricking users into performing unintended actions through maliciously crafted web pages, leading to the extraction of sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T13:16:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker may exploit missing protection against clickjacking by tricking users into performing unintended actions through maliciously crafted web pages, leading to the extraction of sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-57w5-88pw-9866",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-592G-JMWW-649W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:13Mailvelope prior to 3.1.0 is vulnerable to a clickjacking attack against the settings page. As the settings page is intended to be accessible from web applications, the browser's extension isolation mechanisms are disabled (web_accessible_resources). Mailvelope implements additional measures to prevent web applications from directly embedding the settings page, but this mechanism can be bypassed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mailvelope prior to 3.1.0 is vulnerable to a clickjacking attack against the settings page. As the settings page is intended to be accessible from web applications, the browser\u0027s extension isolation mechanisms are disabled (web_accessible_resources). Mailvelope implements additional measures to prevent web applications from directly embedding the settings page, but this mechanism can be bypassed.",
"id": "GHSA-592g-jmww-649w",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:13:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mailvelope/mailvelope/blob/master/Changelog.md#v310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Studies/Mailvelope_Extensions/Mailvelope_Extensions_pdf.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Studies/Mailvelope_Extensions/Mailvelope_Extensions_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile\u0026v=3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-59J7-GHW4-FVHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-13 00:00A vulnerable code in onCreate of SecDevicePickerDialog prior to SMR Aug-2022 Release 1, allows attackers to trick the user to select an unwanted bluetooth device via tapjacking/overlay attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerable code in onCreate of SecDevicePickerDialog prior to SMR Aug-2022 Release 1, allows attackers to trick the user to select an unwanted bluetooth device via tapjacking/overlay attack.",
"id": "GHSA-59j7-ghw4-fvhh",
"modified": "2022-08-13T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-08-06T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5F2R-HQC4-68XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 06:31 – Updated: 2025-02-06 06:31IBM ApplinX 11.1 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49796"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-451"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T00:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM ApplinX 11.1 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-5f2r-hqc4-68xm",
"modified": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
"published": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49796"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7182522"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5G7J-9R76-23CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-20 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-20 18:30In onCreate of various files, there is a possible tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege or denial of server with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-227203202
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-102",
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of various files, there is a possible tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege or denial of server with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-227203202",
"id": "GHSA-5g7j-9r76-23cc",
"modified": "2022-12-20T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2022-12-20T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H6F-94QC-P3V7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00It was discovered that OpenShift Container Platform's (OCP) distribution of Kibana could open in an iframe, which made it possible to intercept and manipulate requests. This flaw allows an attacker to trick a user into performing arbitrary actions in OCP's distribution of Kibana, such as clickjacking.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10743"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-358"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-02T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was discovered that OpenShift Container Platform\u0027s (OCP) distribution of Kibana could open in an iframe, which made it possible to intercept and manipulate requests. This flaw allows an attacker to trick a user into performing arbitrary actions in OCP\u0027s distribution of Kibana, such as clickjacking.",
"id": "GHSA-5h6f-94qc-p3v7",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:3727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:4298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2020-10743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1834550"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H8G-QJW9-H4V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:47IBM Security Information Queue (ISIQ) 1.0.0, 1.0.1, and 1.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 159226.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-06T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Information Queue (ISIQ) 1.0.0, 1.0.1, and 1.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 159226.",
"id": "GHSA-5h8g-qjw9-h4v6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:47:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/159226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10886051"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.