CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
452 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MGVP-6FWH-58V2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-26 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-26 18:30Vulnerability whereby an attacker could send a malicious link to an authenticated operator, which could allow remote attackers to perform a clickjacking attack on Sunny WebBox firmware version 1.6.1 and earlier.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1890"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-26T16:27:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability whereby an attacker could send a malicious link to an authenticated operator, which could allow remote attackers to perform a clickjacking attack on Sunny WebBox firmware version 1.6.1 and earlier.",
"id": "GHSA-mgvp-6fwh-58v2",
"modified": "2024-02-26T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-02-26T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso-sci/multiple-vulnerabilities-sma-products"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MJHV-4XGH-4WX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-02 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:32The issue was addressed with improved UI handling. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.1, macOS Ventura 13, watchOS 9.1, Safari 16.1, iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16. Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved UI handling. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.1, macOS Ventura 13, watchOS 9.1, Safari 16.1, iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16. Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing.",
"id": "GHSA-mjhv-4xgh-4wx2",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:32:28Z",
"published": "2022-11-02T12:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/11/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5LF4LYP725XZ7RWOPFUV6DGPN4Q5DUU4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AQKLEGJK3LHAKUQOLBHNR2DI3IUGLLTY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JOFKX6BUEJFECSVFV6P5INQCOYQBB4NZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5LF4LYP725XZ7RWOPFUV6DGPN4Q5DUU4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AQKLEGJK3LHAKUQOLBHNR2DI3IUGLLTY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JOFKX6BUEJFECSVFV6P5INQCOYQBB4NZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/11/04/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MPF8-M2C9-VCF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.17012 cSS injection via Mermaid diagram rendering was possible
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:48Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.17012 cSS injection via Mermaid diagram rendering was possible",
"id": "GHSA-mpf8-m2c9-vcf7",
"modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MPXG-M884-58FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 18:32 – Updated: 2024-11-14 00:31In visitUris of multiple files, there is a possible information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T18:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In visitUris of multiple files, there is a possible information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-mpxg-m884-58ff",
"modified": "2024-11-14T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T18:32:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/50eec20b570cd4cbbe8c5971af4c9dda3ddcb858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-11-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ73-G4QR-FGCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 17:58A clickjacking vulnerability exists in zenml-io/zenml versions up to and including 0.55.5 due to the application's failure to set appropriate X-Frame-Options or Content-Security-Policy HTTP headers. This vulnerability allows an attacker to embed the application UI within an iframe on a malicious page, potentially leading to unauthorized actions by tricking users into interacting with the interface under the attacker's control. The issue was addressed in version 0.56.3.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "zenml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.56.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-06T22:30:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A clickjacking vulnerability exists in zenml-io/zenml versions up to and including 0.55.5 due to the application\u0027s failure to set appropriate X-Frame-Options or Content-Security-Policy HTTP headers. This vulnerability allows an attacker to embed the application UI within an iframe on a malicious page, potentially leading to unauthorized actions by tricking users into interacting with the interface under the attacker\u0027s control. The issue was addressed in version 0.56.3.",
"id": "GHSA-mq73-g4qr-fgcq",
"modified": "2025-01-21T17:58:02Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T21:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml/commit/f863fde1269bc355951f8cfc826c0244d88ad5e9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/zenml/PYSEC-2024-194.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/22d26f5a-c0ae-4344-aa7d-08ff5ada3963"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Clickjacking in zenml"
}
GHSA-MV6J-QCRJ-Q856
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-21 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-28 21:30If an attacker needed a user to load an insecure http: page and knew that user had enabled HTTPS-only mode, the attacker could have tricked the user into clicking to grant an HTTPS-only exception if they could get the user to participate in a clicking game. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 120.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6211"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "If an attacker needed a user to load an insecure http: page and knew that user had enabled HTTPS-only mode, the attacker could have tricked the user into clicking to grant an HTTPS-only exception if they could get the user to participate in a clicking game. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 120.",
"id": "GHSA-mv6j-qcrj-q856",
"modified": "2023-11-28T21:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-11-21T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1850200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-49"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MW7X-2VVF-4C4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-09 15:30The CGM CLININET application does not implement any mechanisms that prevent clickjacking attacks, neither HTTP security headers nor HTML-based frame‑busting protections were detected. As a result, an attacker can embed the application inside a maliciously crafted IFRAME and trick users into performing unintended actions, including potentially bypassing CSRF/XSRF defenses.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58405"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T12:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The CGM CLININET application does not implement any mechanisms that prevent clickjacking attacks, neither HTTP security headers nor HTML-based frame\u2011busting protections were detected. As a result, an attacker can embed the application inside a maliciously crafted IFRAME and trick users into performing unintended actions, including potentially bypassing CSRF/XSRF defenses.",
"id": "GHSA-mw7x-2vvf-4c4h",
"modified": "2026-03-09T15:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/03/CVE-2025-10350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cgm.com/pol_pl/products/szpital/cgm-clininet.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXVR-RWHQ-RPW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-31 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-31 15:30Clickjacking vulnerability in Clibo Manager v1.1.9.12 in the '/public/login' directory, a login panel. This vulnerability occurs due to the absence of an X-Frame-Options server-side header. An attacker could overlay a transparent iframe to perform click hijacking on victims.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10454"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-31T13:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Clickjacking vulnerability in Clibo Manager v1.1.9.12 in the \u0027/public/login\u0027 directory, a login panel. This vulnerability occurs due to the absence of an X-Frame-Options server-side header. An attacker could overlay a transparent iframe to perform click hijacking on victims.",
"id": "GHSA-mxvr-rwhq-rpw8",
"modified": "2024-10-31T15:30:59Z",
"published": "2024-10-31T15:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/clickjacking-vulnerability-clibo-manager"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P3HP-P5R4-H3GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:10Showing the legitimate URL in the address bar while loading the content from other domain. This makes the user believe that the content is served by a legit domain. Exploiting the vulnerability requires the user to click on a specially crafted, seemingly legitimate URL containing an embedded malicious redirect while using F-Secure Safe Browser for iOS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33596"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-05T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Showing the legitimate URL in the address bar while loading the content from other domain. This makes the user believe that the content is served by a legit domain. Exploiting the vulnerability requires the user to click on a specially crafted, seemingly legitimate URL containing an embedded malicious redirect while using F-Secure Safe Browser for iOS.",
"id": "GHSA-p3hp-p5r4-h3gq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:10:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.f-secure.com/en/business/programs/vulnerability-reward-program/hall-of-fame"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.f-secure.com/en/business/support-and-downloads/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.f-secure.com/en/business/support-and-downloads/security-advisories/cve-2021-33596"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P3V4-VVF3-W2HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-21 18:30This vulnerability allowed a site to enter fullscreen, after a user click, without a full-screen notification (toast) appearing. Without this notification, users could potentially be misled about what site they were on if a malicious site renders a fake UI (like a fake address bar.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T18:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allowed a site to enter fullscreen, after a user click, without a full-screen notification (toast) appearing. Without this notification, users could potentially be misled about what site they were on if a malicious site renders a fake UI (like a fake address bar.)",
"id": "GHSA-p3v4-vvf3-w2hh",
"modified": "2025-11-21T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.diabrowser.com/security/bulletins#CVE-2025-13132"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.