CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
5355 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6VCG-882J-82V5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-24 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-24 21:32FFmpeg through 8.1.2, fixed in commit b506faf, contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the native PNG and APNG encoders that allows remote attackers to corrupt heap memory by supplying a crafted PNG image with a malicious eXIf chunk. Attackers can craft an eXIf chunk where multiple IFD entries reference the same large value payload, causing canonical serialization to expand the output far beyond the undersized allocation estimated by add_exif_profile_size(), resulting in png_write_chunk() writing tens of thousands of bytes past the buffer boundary, leading to deterministic heap corruption, process crash, and potentially arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-24T20:18:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FFmpeg through 8.1.2, fixed in commit b506faf, contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the native PNG and APNG encoders that allows remote attackers to corrupt heap memory by supplying a crafted PNG image with a malicious eXIf chunk. Attackers can craft an eXIf chunk where multiple IFD entries reference the same large value payload, causing canonical serialization to expand the output far beyond the undersized allocation estimated by add_exif_profile_size(), resulting in png_write_chunk() writing tens of thousands of bytes past the buffer boundary, leading to deterministic heap corruption, process crash, and potentially arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-6vcg-882j-82v5",
"modified": "2026-07-24T21:32:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-24T21:32:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/b506fafec9a19fcbc2be5271875fd4a63d6615bc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-heap-out-of-bounds-write-via-png-apng-exif-encoder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VJW-C2JH-F42R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 21:34 – Updated: 2026-09-08 21:34Acrobat Reader is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T21:18:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-6vjw-c2jh-f42r",
"modified": "2026-09-08T21:34:33Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T21:34:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb26-141.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6W3R-CJ94-P4FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows MIDI Service Module allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows MIDI Service Module allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-6w3r-cj94-p4fm",
"modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T18:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-62688"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6W7H-FPM5-3WW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in grub2's NTFS filesystem driver. This issue may allow an attacker to present a specially crafted NTFS filesystem image, leading to grub's heap metadata corruption. In some circumstances, the attack may also corrupt the UEFI firmware heap metadata. As a result, arbitrary code execution and secure boot protection bypass may be achieved.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in grub2\u0027s NTFS filesystem driver. This issue may allow an attacker to present a specially crafted NTFS filesystem image, leading to grub\u0027s heap metadata corruption. In some circumstances, the attack may also corrupt the UEFI firmware heap metadata. As a result, arbitrary code execution and secure boot protection bypass may be achieved.",
"id": "GHSA-6w7h-fpm5-3ww6",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:46Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2236613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dfir.ru/2023/10/03/cve-2023-4692-cve-2023-4693-vulnerabilities-in-the-grub-boot-manager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FUU42E7CPYLATXOYVYNW6YTXXULAOV6L"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OIRJ5UZRXX2KLR4IKBJEQUNGOCXMMDLY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PERFILCHFEUGG3OAMC6W55P6DDIBZK4Q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2023-10/msg00028.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2023/q4/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231208-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6WGF-M569-3GJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-18 00:31 – Updated: 2024-10-18 00:31Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-17T23:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-6wgf-m569-3gj3",
"modified": "2024-10-18T00:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-10-18T00:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-43578"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6WJ9-H5WQ-GM77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:31Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in the Snort 3 VBA feature that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the Snort 3 Detection Engine to crash.
This vulnerability is due to improper range checking when decompressing VBA data, which is user controlled. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted VBA data to the Snort 3 Detection Engine on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an overflow of heap data, which could cause a DoS condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20053"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T18:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in the Snort 3 VBA feature that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the Snort 3 Detection Engine to crash.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper range checking when decompressing VBA data, which is user controlled. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted VBA data to the Snort 3 Detection Engine on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an overflow of heap data, which could cause a DoS condition.",
"id": "GHSA-6wj9-h5wq-gm77",
"modified": "2026-03-04T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2026-03-04T18:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ftd-snort3-vbavuls-96UcVVed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X2Q-4WWR-J5P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 18:38 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38Microsoft WDAC ODBC Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21353"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T18:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft WDAC ODBC Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-6x2q-4wwr-j5p2",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:23Z",
"published": "2024-02-13T18:38:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-21353"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X88-8XW5-P2GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-11 18:31A flaw was found in libtiff. A heap-buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the tiff2pdf utility due to an integer truncation error when processing crafted BigTIFF files. An attacker can provide a specially crafted BigTIFF file, causing a 64-bit StripByteCounts value to be truncated to a 32-bit integer. This leads to an undersized memory allocation and a subsequent out-of-bounds memory copy, resulting in a crash and severe memory corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18495"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-11T18:16:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in libtiff. A heap-buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the `tiff2pdf` utility due to an integer truncation error when processing crafted BigTIFF files. An attacker can provide a specially crafted BigTIFF file, causing a 64-bit `StripByteCounts` value to be truncated to a 32-bit integer. This leads to an undersized memory allocation and a subsequent out-of-bounds memory copy, resulting in a crash and severe memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-6x88-8xw5-p2gw",
"modified": "2026-09-11T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-09-11T18:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2531414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/merge_requests/729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/tree/67fd283d276f09db54dc39b9ef7b979d4b45c4b1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X8P-H5FJ-5PPR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-07 09:31 – Updated: 2026-08-07 09:31A flaw was found in p11-kit. A local attacker, or one with equivalent access to a reachable RPC channel, could exploit an integer overflow vulnerability. By sending specially crafted messages, the attacker can cause the system to miscalculate memory allocation for nested attributes. This leads to a memory corruption issue, specifically a heap out-of-bounds write, which can crash the p11-kit RPC parsing process, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). This vulnerability is only exploitable on 32 bit systems.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-07T09:16:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in p11-kit. A local attacker, or one with equivalent access to a reachable RPC channel, could exploit an integer overflow vulnerability. By sending specially crafted messages, the attacker can cause the system to miscalculate memory allocation for nested attributes. This leads to a memory corruption issue, specifically a heap out-of-bounds write, which can crash the p11-kit RPC parsing process, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). This vulnerability is only exploitable on 32 bit systems.",
"id": "GHSA-6x8p-h5fj-5ppr",
"modified": "2026-08-07T09:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-08-07T09:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2478995"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XCV-328M-52CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 00:30 – Updated: 2025-07-09 00:30InDesign Desktop versions 19.5.3 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43591"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T22:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "InDesign Desktop versions 19.5.3 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-6xcv-328m-52ch",
"modified": "2025-07-09T00:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-09T00:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/indesign/apsb25-60.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.