Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1265
Weakness AllowedUnintended Reentrant Invocation of Non-reentrant Code Via Nested Calls
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product invokes code that is believed to be reentrant, but the code performs a call that unintentionally produces a nested invocation of non-reentrant code.
In a complex product, a single function call may lead to many different possible code paths, some of which may involve deeply nested calls. It may be difficult to foresee all possible code paths that could emanate from a given function call, even if that call is assumed to be reentrant. In some systems, an external actor can manipulate inputs to the system and thereby achieve a wide range of possible control flows. This is frequently a concern in products that execute scripts from untrusted sources. Examples of such products are web browsers and PDF readers. A weakness is present when one of the possible code paths resulting from a function call alters program state that the original caller assumes to be unchanged during the call.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Content history
Submission: Simon Zuckerbraun
· Trend Micro
· 2018-12-20
· CWE 4.1
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Applicable_Platforms, Description, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description
6 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-119141 (GCVE-0-2026-119141)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:58 – Updated: 2026-10-29 17:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 Host Panic via realloc
Summary
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows malicious Wasm modules to panic the host because the may_leave flag is not cleared during realloc. Attackers can call into the host from realloc while lowering stream or future results, such as cancelling the active read or re-waiting a waitable-set, crashing the host.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 17:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1265 - Unintended Reentrant Invocation of Non-reentrant Code Via Nested Calls
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-46.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
46.0.0 , < 48.0.6
(semver)
Unaffected: 48.0.6 (semver) Affected: 49.0.0 , < 49.0.3 (semver) Unaffected: 49.0.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:bytecodealliance:wasmtime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:bytecodealliance:wasmtime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
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CVE-2026-119136 (GCVE-0-2026-119136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:58 – Updated: 2026-11-03 15:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime 42.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 Async-Entrypoint Enforcement Bypass
Summary
Wasmtime 42.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains insufficient checks in Store when mixing async-style and sync-style WebAssembly calls. Embedders re-entering WebAssembly via sync APIs from host functions called asynchronously can trigger runtime panics or unsound cross-thread movement of !Send host variables.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 15:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1265 - Unintended Reentrant Invocation of Non-reentrant Code Via Nested Calls
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-42.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
42.0.0 , < 48.0.6
(semver)
Unaffected: 48.0.6 (semver) Affected: 49.0.0 , < 49.0.3 (semver) Unaffected: 49.0.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:bytecodealliance:wasmtime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:bytecodealliance:wasmtime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
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CVE-2026-104608 (GCVE-0-2026-104608)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 22:49 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Use-after-free vulnerability in GitHub Enterprise Server allowed remote code execution in the Git service
Summary
A remote code execution vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server in the Git service (babeld). babeld held references into internal collections while calling into the SSH library, where a re-entrant callback could modify a collection and invalidate those references. An attacker with an account and SSH access to the instance could leverage this use-after-free into a controlled write and run arbitrary commands as babeld, including disclosure of its environment secrets. Exploitation required per-build memory offsets; failed attempts crashed babeld. This affected all releases prior to 3.23 and was fixed in 3.22.3, 3.21.8, 3.20.10, and 3.19.14. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 19:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.19… | release-notes |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.20… | release-notes |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.21… | release-notes |
| https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.22… | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub | Enterprise Server |
Affected:
3.19.0 , < 3.19.*
(semver)
Affected: 3.20.0 , < 3.20.* (semver) Affected: 3.21.0 , < 3.21.* (semver) Affected: 3.22.0 , < 3.22.* (semver) |
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GHSA-7W3V-6QHP-7C4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-29 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-29 18:31
VLAI
Details
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows malicious Wasm modules to panic the host because the may_leave flag is not cleared during realloc. Attackers can call into the host from realloc while lowering stream or future results, such as cancelling the active read or re-waiting a waitable-set, crashing the host.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-119141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1265"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-29T16:18:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows malicious Wasm modules to panic the host because the may_leave flag is not cleared during realloc. Attackers can call into the host from realloc while lowering stream or future results, such as cancelling the active read or re-waiting a waitable-set, crashing the host.",
"id": "GHSA-7w3v-6qhp-7c4h",
"modified": "2026-10-29T18:31:01Z",
"published": "2026-10-29T18:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-7v24-42x9-pxf7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-119141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-46.0.0-before-48.0.6-and-49.0.0-before-49.0.3-host-panic-via-realloc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R2VQ-P658-P274
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-13 21:31 – Updated: 2023-02-23 22:07
VLAI
Summary
SameSite Attribute vulnerability in pimCore
Details
An improper SameSite Attribute vulnerability in pimCore v10.5.15 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pimcore/pimcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.5.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1265"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-14T00:29:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An improper SameSite Attribute vulnerability in pimCore v10.5.15 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-r2vq-p658-p274",
"modified": "2023-02-23T22:07:55Z",
"published": "2023-02-13T21:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nu11secur1ty/CVE-nu11secur1ty/tree/main/vendors/pimcore/pimCore-10.5.15"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portswigger.net/web-security/csrf/bypassing-samesite-restrictions"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SameSite Attribute vulnerability in pimCore"
}
GHSA-XP2Q-MV29-HR2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-29 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-29 18:31
VLAI
Details
Wasmtime 42.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains insufficient checks in Store when mixing async-style and sync-style WebAssembly calls. Embedders re-entering WebAssembly via sync APIs from host functions called asynchronously can trigger runtime panics or unsound cross-thread movement of !Send host variables.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-119136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1265"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-29T16:18:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Wasmtime 42.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains insufficient checks in Store when mixing async-style and sync-style WebAssembly calls. Embedders re-entering WebAssembly via sync APIs from host functions called asynchronously can trigger runtime panics or unsound cross-thread movement of !Send host variables.",
"id": "GHSA-xp2q-mv29-hr2p",
"modified": "2026-10-29T18:31:00Z",
"published": "2026-10-29T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-vcg5-q8m5-8379"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-119136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-42.0.0-before-48.0.6-and-49.0.0-before-49.0.3-async-entrypoint-enforcement-bypass"
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"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
When architecting a system that will execute untrusted code in response to events, consider executing the untrusted event handlers asynchronously (asynchronous message passing) as opposed to executing them synchronously at the time each event fires. The untrusted code should execute at the start of the next iteration of the thread's message loop. In this way, calls into non-reentrant code are strictly serialized, so that each operation completes fully before the next operation begins. Special attention must be paid to all places where type coercion may result in script execution. Performing all needed coercions at the very beginning of an operation can help reduce the chance of operations executing at unexpected junctures.
Mitigation
Implementation
Make sure the code (e.g., function or class) in question is reentrant by not leveraging non-local data, not modifying its own code, and not calling other non-reentrant code.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.