GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration
Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-184

Allowed

Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product implements a protection mechanism that relies on a list of inputs (or properties of inputs) that are not allowed by policy or otherwise require other action to neutralize before additional processing takes place, but the list is incomplete.

391 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C9FF-59G8-M36Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in Jolokia's JSR-160 proxy functionality where insufficient validation of client-controlled JMX service URLs allows a bypass of the denylist introduced to mitigate CVE-2018-1000130. The proxy accepts a target.url value from a Jolokia POST request and passes it to JMXServiceURL and JMXConnectorFactory for establishing the remote JMX connection. The existing denylist only rejects URLs matching service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/ldap:.*, which can be bypassed using alternative valid JMX service URL forms, including ldaps:// schemes or LDAP URLs with a non-empty JMX host component. These URLs are accepted as valid JMXServiceURL objects and can cause the Jolokia agent JVM to perform a JNDI lookup against an attacker-controlled LDAP endpoint. This can result in server-side request forgery (SSRF), forwarding of supplied JMX credentials to the remote endpoint, and potentially remote code execution depending on the classes and configuration available in the target JVM.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-84218"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T14:17:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Jolokia\u0027s JSR-160 proxy functionality where insufficient validation of client-controlled JMX service URLs allows a bypass of the denylist introduced to mitigate CVE-2018-1000130. The proxy accepts a `target.url` value from a Jolokia POST request and passes it to `JMXServiceURL` and `JMXConnectorFactory` for establishing the remote JMX connection. The existing denylist only rejects URLs matching `service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/ldap:.*`, which can be bypassed using alternative valid JMX service URL forms, including `ldaps://` schemes or LDAP URLs with a non-empty JMX host component. These URLs are accepted as valid `JMXServiceURL` objects and can cause the Jolokia agent JVM to perform a JNDI lookup against an attacker-controlled LDAP endpoint. This can result in server-side request forgery (SSRF), forwarding of supplied JMX credentials to the remote endpoint, and potentially remote code execution depending on the classes and configuration available in the target JVM.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9ff-59g8-m36q",
  "modified": "2026-09-01T15:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-09-01T15:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jolokia/jolokia/issues/1049"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-84218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2526752"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9H3-5P7R-MRJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 21:56 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:32
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Discord event cover images bypassed sandbox media normalization
Details

Summary

Discord event cover images bypassed sandbox media normalization.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw
  • Ecosystem: npm
  • Affected versions: >= 2026.4.7 < 2026.4.10
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.4.10

Impact

Discord event cover image parameters could bypass the sandbox media normalization path used for outbound local media, allowing host-local media references to reach a channel action path that expected normalized media.

Technical Details

The fix includes Discord eventCreate.image in sandbox media normalization and adds coverage for the event-create media path.

Fix

The issue was fixed in #64377. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.10, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 979c6f09d6fad96596feb91c905934be7e0b4f15
  • PR: #64377

Release Process Note

Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.

Credits

Thanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2026.4.7"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43532"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:56:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nDiscord event cover images bypassed sandbox media normalization.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.7 \u003c 2026.4.10`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.10`\n\n## Impact\n\nDiscord event cover image parameters could bypass the sandbox media normalization path used for outbound local media, allowing host-local media references to reach a channel action path that expected normalized media.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix includes Discord `eventCreate.image` in sandbox media normalization and adds coverage for the event-create media path.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #64377. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.10`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `979c6f09d6fad96596feb91c905934be7e0b4f15`\n- PR: #64377\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9h3-5p7r-mrjh",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T01:32:44Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T21:56:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-c9h3-5p7r-mrjh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43532"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/64377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/979c6f09d6fad96596feb91c905934be7e0b4f15"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-sandbox-media-normalization-bypass-via-discord-event-cover-image"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Discord event cover images bypassed sandbox media normalization"
}

GHSA-CCWH-WWPP-6WG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 13:02 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:02
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Host environment sanitizer missed two Node.js control variables
Details

Summary

Host environment sanitizer missed two Node.js control variables. In affected versions, a lower-trust env source such as a workspace .env, tool env override, or skill env block could pass Node.js control variables through the shared sanitizer.

This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.

Impact

When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could influence a later Node.js child process or coverage output path when that process is launched under the accepted environment. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.

Patched Versions

The first stable patched version is 2026.5.26.

Mitigations

avoid inheriting workspace or tool-supplied env values from untrusted repositories until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.5.22"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.5.26"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53864"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:02:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nHost environment sanitizer missed two Node.js control variables. In affected versions, a lower-trust env source such as a workspace `.env`, tool env override, or skill env block could pass Node.js control variables through the shared sanitizer.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could influence a later Node.js child process or coverage output path when that process is launched under the accepted environment. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.26`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\navoid inheriting workspace or tool-supplied env values from untrusted repositories until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-ccwh-wwpp-6wg5",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T13:02:49Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T13:02:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-ccwh-wwpp-6wg5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53864"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-insufficient-environment-variable-sanitization-in-node-js-control-variables"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Host environment sanitizer missed two Node.js control variables"
}

GHSA-CF45-HXWJ-4CFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 06:09 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:19
VLAI
Summary
Directus: Open Redirect via Parser Bypass in OAuth2/SAML Authentication Flow
Details

Summary

An open redirect vulnerability exists in the login redirection logic. The isLoginRedirectAllowed function fails to correctly identify certain malformed URLs as external, allowing attackers to bypass redirect allow-list validation and redirect users to arbitrary external domains upon successful authentication.

Details

A parser differential exists between the server-side URL validation logic and how modern browsers interpret URL path segments containing backslashes. Specifically, certain URL patterns are incorrectly classified as safe relative paths by the server, but are normalized by browsers into external domain references.

This is particularly impactful in SSO authentication flows (e.g., OAuth2 providers), where an attacker can craft a login URL that redirects the victim to an attacker-controlled site immediately after successful authentication, without any visible indication during the login process.

Impact

  • Phishing: Users may be silently redirected to attacker-controlled sites impersonating legitimate services after authenticating.
  • Credential/token theft: The redirect can be chained to capture OAuth tokens or authorization codes.
  • Trust erosion: Users lose confidence in the application after being redirected to unexpected domains post-login.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "directus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.16.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35410"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T06:09:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T22:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nAn open redirect vulnerability exists in the login redirection logic. The `isLoginRedirectAllowed` function fails to correctly identify certain malformed URLs as external, allowing attackers to bypass redirect allow-list validation and redirect users to arbitrary external domains upon successful authentication.\n\n### Details\n\nA parser differential exists between the server-side URL validation logic and how modern browsers interpret URL path segments containing backslashes. Specifically, certain URL patterns are incorrectly classified as safe relative paths by the server, but are normalized by browsers into external domain references.\n\nThis is particularly impactful in SSO authentication flows (e.g., OAuth2 providers), where an attacker can craft a login URL that redirects the victim to an attacker-controlled site immediately after successful authentication, without any visible indication during the login process.\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Phishing:** Users may be silently redirected to attacker-controlled sites impersonating legitimate services after authenticating.\n- **Credential/token theft:** The redirect can be chained to capture OAuth tokens or authorization codes.\n- **Trust erosion:** Users lose confidence in the application after being redirected to unexpected domains post-login.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf45-hxwj-4cfj",
  "modified": "2026-04-07T14:19:59Z",
  "published": "2026-04-04T06:09:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-cf45-hxwj-4cfj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35410"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Directus: Open Redirect via Parser Bypass in OAuth2/SAML Authentication Flow"
}

GHSA-CG7Q-FG22-4G98

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 03:07 – Updated: 2026-05-06 19:12
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Host exec environment sanitization misses package, registry, Docker, compiler, and TLS override variables
Details

Summary

Host exec environment sanitization misses package, registry, Docker, compiler, and TLS override variables

Current Maintainer Triage

  • Normalized severity: medium
  • Assessment: v2026.3.28 also misses the broader package, registry, compiler, Docker, and TLS env family in the shipped host-env policy, and the unreleased main fix means this is a real medium-severity open issue.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published npm version: 2026.3.31
  • Vulnerable version range: <=2026.3.28
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.3.31
  • First stable tag containing the fix: v2026.3.31

Fix Commit(s)

  • eb8de6715f02949c21c4e895fffc8a6dcb00975c — 2026-03-31T19:37:43+09:00

OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41369"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T03:07:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nHost exec environment sanitization misses package, registry, Docker, compiler, and TLS override variables\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Normalized severity: medium\n- Assessment: v2026.3.28 also misses the broader package, registry, compiler, Docker, and TLS env family in the shipped host-env policy, and the unreleased main fix means this is a real medium-severity open issue.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.28`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.31`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `eb8de6715f02949c21c4e895fffc8a6dcb00975c` \u2014 2026-03-31T19:37:43+09:00\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-cg7q-fg22-4g98",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T19:12:01Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T03:07:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cg7q-fg22-4g98"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/eb8de6715f02949c21c4e895fffc8a6dcb00975c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-insufficient-environment-variable-sanitization-in-host-execution"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Host exec environment sanitization misses package, registry, Docker, compiler, and TLS override variables"
}

GHSA-CG7W-JG25-G64G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:33 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

Incomplete list of disallowed inputs in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-70334"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:20:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Incomplete list of disallowed inputs in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-cg7w-jg25-g64g",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T18:33:06Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T18:33:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70334"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-70334"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CGGJ-FVV3-CQWV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-16 17:45 – Updated: 2024-03-15 01:08
VLAI
Summary
FasterXML jackson-databind allows unauthenticated remote code execution
Details

FasterXML jackson-databind before before 2.6.7.5, 2.7.x before 2.7.9.3, 2.8.x before 2.8.11.1, and 2.9.x before 2.9.5 allows unauthenticated remote code execution because of an incomplete fix for the CVE-2017-7525 deserialization flaw. This is exploitable by sending maliciously crafted JSON input to the readValue method of the ObjectMapper, bypassing a blacklist that is ineffective if the c3p0 libraries are available in the classpath.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.8.11.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.11.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.9.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.7.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-7489"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:31:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-26T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "FasterXML jackson-databind before before 2.6.7.5, 2.7.x before 2.7.9.3, 2.8.x before 2.8.11.1, and 2.9.x before 2.9.5 allows unauthenticated remote code execution because of an incomplete fix for the CVE-2017-7525 deserialization flaw. This is exploitable by sending maliciously crafted JSON input to the readValue method of the ObjectMapper, bypassing a blacklist that is ineffective if the c3p0 libraries are available in the classpath.",
  "id": "GHSA-cggj-fvv3-cqwv",
  "modified": "2024-03-15T01:08:04Z",
  "published": "2018-10-16T17:45:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/issues/1931"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/e66c0a9d3c926ff1b63bf586c824ead1d02f2a3d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/ca2bfc86af82a1479112004b663ba74c760752e6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/c921f0935d5e41bf206e702d8077a275ba1a6efc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/6799f8f10cc78e9af6d443ed6982d00a13f2e7d2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/bc22f90eb7f896ace9567598a99cb1ff6e0f9d9d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2019-5072813.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4190"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03902en_us"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180328-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1d4a247329a8478073163567bbc8c8cb6b49c6bfc2bf58153a857af1@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-cggj-fvv3-cqwv"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2858"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2938"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2090"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2088"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1451"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1449"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1448"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2018-3678067.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2018-4428296.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FasterXML jackson-databind allows unauthenticated remote code execution "
}

GHSA-CM8V-2VH9-CXF3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 20:28 – Updated: 2026-05-06 02:40
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: GIT_DIR and related git plumbing env vars missing from exec env denylist (GHSA-m866-6qv5-p2fg variant)
Details

Impact

GIT_DIR and related git plumbing env vars missing from exec env denylist (GHSA-m866-6qv5-p2fg variant).

Git plumbing environment variables were not removed before host exec and could redirect Git operations.

OpenClaw is a user-controlled local assistant. This advisory is scoped to the OpenClaw trust model and does not assume a multi-tenant service boundary.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected versions: <=2026.3.30
  • Patched versions: 2026.4.8

Fix

The issue was fixed on main and is available in the patched npm version listed above. The verified fixed tree is commit d7c3210cd6f5fdfdc1beff4c9541673e814354d5.

Verification

The fix was re-checked against main before publication, including targeted regression tests for the affected security boundary.

Credits

Thanks @boy-hack of Tencent zhuque Lab (https://github.com/Tencent/AI-Infra-Guard) for reporting.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
2.0 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41915"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-09T20:28:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T19:37:45Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nGIT_DIR and related git plumbing env vars missing from exec env denylist (GHSA-m866-6qv5-p2fg variant).\n\nGit plumbing environment variables were not removed before host exec and could redirect Git operations.\n\nOpenClaw is a user-controlled local assistant. This advisory is scoped to the OpenClaw trust model and does not assume a multi-tenant service boundary.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003c=2026.3.30`\n- Patched versions: `2026.4.8`\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed on `main` and is available in the patched npm version listed above. The verified fixed tree is commit `d7c3210cd6f5fdfdc1beff4c9541673e814354d5`.\n\n## Verification\n\nThe fix was re-checked against `main` before publication, including targeted regression tests for the affected security boundary.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks @boy-hack of Tencent zhuque Lab (https://github.com/Tencent/AI-Infra-Guard) for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-cm8v-2vh9-cxf3",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T02:40:57Z",
  "published": "2026-04-09T20:28:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cm8v-2vh9-cxf3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41915"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d7c3210cd6f5fdfdc1beff4c9541673e814354d5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-git-environment-variable-injection-via-unfiltered-exec-environment"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: GIT_DIR and related git plumbing env vars missing from exec env denylist (GHSA-m866-6qv5-p2fg variant)"
}

GHSA-CQ2G-PW6Q-HF7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-19 21:09 – Updated: 2023-10-02 11:04
VLAI
Summary
Cortex's Alertmanager can expose local files content via specially crafted config
Details

Impact

A local file inclusion vulnerability exists in Cortex versions v1.13.0, v1.13.1 and v1.14.0, where a malicious actor could remotely read local files as a result of parsing maliciously crafted Alertmanager configurations when submitted to the Alertmanager Set Configuration API. Only users of the Cortex Alertmanager service using -experimental.alertmanager.enable-api or enable_api: true are affected.

Specific Go Packages Affected

github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/alertmanager

Patches

Affected Cortex users are advised to upgrade to versions 1.13.2 or 1.14.1.

Workarounds

Patching is ultimately advised. Using out-of-bound validation, Cortex administrators may reject Alertmanager configurations containing the api_key_file setting in the opsgenie_configs section and opsgenie_api_key_file in the global section before sending to the Set Alertmanager Configuration API as a workaround.

References

  • Fixed Versions:
  • https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.14.1
  • https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.13.2
  • https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/api/#set-alertmanager-configuration

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cortexproject/cortex"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.14.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.14.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.14.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cortexproject/cortex"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23536"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184",
      "CWE-641",
      "CWE-73"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-19T21:09:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-19T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA local file inclusion vulnerability exists in Cortex versions v1.13.0, v1.13.1 and v1.14.0, where a malicious actor could remotely read local files as a result of parsing maliciously crafted Alertmanager configurations when submitted to the [Alertmanager Set Configuration API](https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/api/#set-alertmanager-configuration). Only users of the Cortex Alertmanager service using `-experimental.alertmanager.enable-api` or `enable_api: true` are affected.\n\n### Specific Go Packages Affected\ngithub.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/alertmanager\n\n### Patches\nAffected Cortex users are advised to upgrade to versions 1.13.2 or 1.14.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nPatching is ultimately advised. Using out-of-bound validation, Cortex administrators may reject Alertmanager configurations containing the `api_key_file` setting in the `opsgenie_configs` section and `opsgenie_api_key_file` in the `global` section before sending to the [Set Alertmanager Configuration API](https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/api/#set-alertmanager-configuration) as a workaround.\n\n### References\n- Fixed Versions:\n   - https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.14.1\n   - https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.13.2\n- https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/api/#set-alertmanager-configuration\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Open an issue in [cortex](https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/issues/new/choose)\n* Email us at [cortex-team@googlegroups.com](mailto:cortex-team@googlegroups.com).\n",
  "id": "GHSA-cq2g-pw6q-hf7j",
  "modified": "2023-10-02T11:04:41Z",
  "published": "2022-12-19T21:09:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/security/advisories/GHSA-cq2g-pw6q-hf7j"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23536"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/commit/03e023d8b012887b31cc268d0d011b01e1e65506"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/api/#set-alertmanager-configuration"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.13.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex/releases/tag/v1.14.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-1175"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cortex\u0027s Alertmanager can expose local files content via specially crafted config"
}

GHSA-CQGH-7H49-Q3MR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-21 00:31
VLAI
Details

The POST /api/provider-nodes/validate route in 9router takes a caller-supplied baseUrl and issues server-side HTTP requests to it, guarding the destination with assertPublicUrl from src/shared/utils/ssrfGuard.js. That guard compares hostname strings only: it resolves no DNS, does not revalidate after a redirect, and its IPv4-mapped IPv6 branch is unreachable. The branch matches ^::ffff:(\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+)$, but the WHATWG URL parser canonicalizes such literals to hextets before the guard runs, so new URL("http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]/").hostname yields [::ffff:7f00:1] and the pattern is tested against a string it is never handed. Every IPv4-mapped address therefore passes, and http://[::ffff:7f00:1] and http://[::ffff:a9fe:a9fe] reach loopback and link-local metadata addresses; a hostname whose A record points at an internal address passes as well because no resolution occurs. In the custom-embedding branch the upstream response body is truncated to 200 bytes and returned to the caller whenever the upstream status is neither 2xx nor 401 nor 403, which discloses the beginning of internal responses, and the other validation types remain usable for blind internal port scanning through status and timing differences. The caller-supplied apiKey is forwarded to the internal destination as an Authorization Bearer header. A dashboard session is required by default, and none is required when requireLogin is disabled.

Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-72860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-184"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-20T22:18:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The POST /api/provider-nodes/validate route in 9router takes a caller-supplied baseUrl and issues server-side HTTP requests to it, guarding the destination with assertPublicUrl from src/shared/utils/ssrfGuard.js. That guard compares hostname strings only: it resolves no DNS, does not revalidate after a redirect, and its IPv4-mapped IPv6 branch is unreachable. The branch matches ^::ffff:(\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+)$, but the WHATWG URL parser canonicalizes such literals to hextets before the guard runs, so new URL(\"http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]/\").hostname yields [::ffff:7f00:1] and the pattern is tested against a string it is never handed. Every IPv4-mapped address therefore passes, and http://[::ffff:7f00:1] and http://[::ffff:a9fe:a9fe] reach loopback and link-local metadata addresses; a hostname whose A record points at an internal address passes as well because no resolution occurs. In the custom-embedding branch the upstream response body is truncated to 200 bytes and returned to the caller whenever the upstream status is neither 2xx nor 401 nor 403, which discloses the beginning of internal responses, and the other validation types remain usable for blind internal port scanning through status and timing differences. The caller-supplied apiKey is forwarded to the internal destination as an Authorization Bearer header. A dashboard session is required by default, and none is required when requireLogin is disabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqgh-7h49-q3mr",
  "modified": "2026-08-21T00:31:23Z",
  "published": "2026-08-21T00:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/issues/3293"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/pull/3370"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/blob/master/src/app/api/provider-nodes/validate/route.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/blob/master/src/shared/utils/ssrfGuard.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-server-side-request-forgery-via-api-provider-nodes-validate-because-the-ipv4-mapped-ipv6-denylist-check-is-unreachable"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Do not rely exclusively on detecting disallowed inputs. There are too many variants to encode a character, especially when different environments are used, so there is a high likelihood of missing some variants. Only use detection of disallowed inputs as a mechanism for detecting suspicious activity. Ensure that you are using other protection mechanisms that only identify "good" input - such as lists of allowed inputs - and ensure that you are properly encoding your outputs.

CAPEC-120: Double Encoding

The adversary utilizes a repeating of the encoding process for a set of characters (that is, character encoding a character encoding of a character) to obfuscate the payload of a particular request. This may allow the adversary to bypass filters that attempt to detect illegal characters or strings, such as those that might be used in traversal or injection attacks. Filters may be able to catch illegal encoded strings, but may not catch doubly encoded strings. For example, a dot (.), often used in path traversal attacks and therefore often blocked by filters, could be URL encoded as %2E. However, many filters recognize this encoding and would still block the request. In a double encoding, the % in the above URL encoding would be encoded again as %25, resulting in %252E which some filters might not catch, but which could still be interpreted as a dot (.) by interpreters on the target.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-182: Flash Injection

An attacker tricks a victim to execute malicious flash content that executes commands or makes flash calls specified by the attacker. One example of this attack is cross-site flashing, an attacker controlled parameter to a reference call loads from content specified by the attacker.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters

Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

← Back to the CWE list