CWE-201
AllowedInsertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.
787 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MC3M-JXJ9-PP7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-31 06:30 – Updated: 2024-07-31 06:30When the device is shared, the homepage module are before 2.19.0 in eWeLink Cloud Service allows Secondary user to take over devices as primary user via sharing unnecessary device-sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-31T06:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "When the device is shared,\u00a0the homepage module are before 2.19.0 \u00a0in eWeLink Cloud Service\u00a0allows Secondary user to take over devices as primary user via sharing unnecessary device-sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-mc3m-jxj9-pp7c",
"modified": "2024-07-31T06:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-07-31T06:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ewelink.cc/security-advisory-240730"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFCP-RJV7-385M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 09:30An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.6 before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that, under specific conditions, could have allowed unauthorized users to view confidential branch names by accessing project issues with related merge requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T08:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.6 before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that, under specific conditions, could have allowed unauthorized users to view confidential branch names by accessing project issues with related merge requests.",
"id": "GHSA-mfcp-rjv7-385m",
"modified": "2025-11-15T09:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-11-15T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3214025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/11/12/patch-release-gitlab-18-5-2-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/553129"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHH4-4RGH-X32M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 03:31 – Updated: 2026-08-03 21:31In TFA, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11053160; Issue ID: MSV-8004.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20484"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-03T03:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In TFA, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11053160; Issue ID: MSV-8004.",
"id": "GHSA-mhh4-4rgh-x32m",
"modified": "2026-08-03T21:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-08-03T03:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MJRX-74JH-7XGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:55Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 fail to preserve host-only cookie scope, storing the request host in the Domain field instead of marking cookies as host-only. Attackers controlling child hosts can receive host-only cookies intended only for parent hosts, potentially disclosing session identifiers and authorization tokens when the same cookie jar is reused across trust boundaries.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 7.15.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "guzzlehttp/guzzle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-04T12:55:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-01T13:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nguzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 fail to preserve host-only cookie scope, storing the request host in the Domain field instead of marking cookies as host-only. Attackers controlling child hosts can receive host-only cookies intended only for parent hosts, potentially disclosing session identifiers and authorization tokens when the same cookie jar is reused across trust boundaries.",
"id": "GHSA-mjrx-74jh-7xgw",
"modified": "2026-08-04T12:55:13Z",
"published": "2026-08-01T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/security/advisories/GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-67355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/guzzlehttp-guzzle-before-host-only-cookie-scope"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Guzzle: Host-only cookie scope is not preserved",
"withdrawn": "2026-08-04T12:55:12Z"
}
GHSA-MMCR-65XH-V595
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Messiah WP AI CoPilot ai-co-pilot-for-wp allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP AI CoPilot: from n/a through <= 1.2.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62994"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Messiah WP AI CoPilot ai-co-pilot-for-wp allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP AI CoPilot: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.7.",
"id": "GHSA-mmcr-65xh-v595",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:02Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ai-co-pilot-for-wp/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-ai-copilot-plugin-1-2-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ai-co-pilot-for-wp/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-ai-copilot-plugin-1-2-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MP7G-3R25-FQ9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-01 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:21An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 11.8 before 16.1.5, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.5, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.1. A malicious Maintainer can, under specific circumstances, leak the sentry token by changing the configured URL in the Sentry error tracking settings page. This was as a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-4365.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4378"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-01T11:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 11.8 before 16.1.5, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.5, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.1. A malicious Maintainer can, under specific circumstances, leak the sentry token by changing the configured URL in the Sentry error tracking settings page. This was as a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-4365.",
"id": "GHSA-mp7g-3r25-fq9v",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:21:31Z",
"published": "2023-09-01T12:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2104591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/422134"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ5H-8F38-3XWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2025-09-26 09:31An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 14.10 before 18.2.7, 18.3 before 18.3.3, and 18.4 before 18.4.1, that could have allowed Guest users to access sensitive information stored in virtual registry configurations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9958"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 14.10 before 18.2.7, 18.3 before 18.3.3, and 18.4 before 18.4.1, that could have allowed Guest users to access sensitive information stored in virtual registry configurations.",
"id": "GHSA-mq5h-8f38-3xwp",
"modified": "2025-09-26T09:31:14Z",
"published": "2025-09-26T09:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3323573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/567777"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQQ9-GXG5-M58G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:53Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-h95v-h523-3mw8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in RedirectMiddleware. When the optional allow_redirects.referer setting is enabled, the middleware copies the URI fragment (the portion after '#') from the referring request into the generated Referer header when following a same-scheme redirect (e.g., HTTPS to HTTPS). An attacker who controls the redirect destination can read this fragment from the incoming Referer header, potentially disclosing one-time login secrets, access tokens, state values, or other sensitive client data to a server never meant to receive it. The referer setting is disabled by default. Fixed in 7.15.1, which strips the fragment before generating the Referer value.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 7.15.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "guzzlehttp/guzzle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-04T12:53:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-01T13:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-h95v-h523-3mw8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n\nguzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in RedirectMiddleware. When the optional allow_redirects.referer setting is enabled, the middleware copies the URI fragment (the portion after \u0027#\u0027) from the referring request into the generated Referer header when following a same-scheme redirect (e.g., HTTPS to HTTPS). An attacker who controls the redirect destination can read this fragment from the incoming Referer header, potentially disclosing one-time login secrets, access tokens, state values, or other sensitive client data to a server never meant to receive it. The referer setting is disabled by default. Fixed in 7.15.1, which strips the fragment before generating the Referer value.",
"id": "GHSA-mqq9-gxg5-m58g",
"modified": "2026-08-04T12:53:33Z",
"published": "2026-08-01T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/security/advisories/GHSA-h95v-h523-3mw8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-67354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/guzzlehttp-guzzle-before-uri-fragment-disclosure-via-referer"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Guzzle: URI fragments disclosed in redirect Referer headers",
"withdrawn": "2026-08-04T12:53:33Z"
}
GHSA-MRXM-78QV-VCVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-07 18:31In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.2.2 missing project-trust check leaked project metadata to JetBrains Marketplace
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86505"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-07T17:17:29Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.2.2 missing project-trust check leaked project metadata to JetBrains Marketplace",
"id": "GHSA-mrxm-78qv-vcvf",
"modified": "2026-09-07T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-09-07T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVP5-QX9C-C3FV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 20:42 – Updated: 2025-06-13 20:42Impact
The title of every single page whose reference is known can be accessed through the REST API as long as an XClass with a page property is accessible, this is the default for an XWiki installation. This allows an attacker to get titles of pages whose reference is known, one title per request. This doesn't affect fully private wikis as the REST endpoint checks access rights on the XClass definition. The impact on confidentiality depends on the strategy for page names. By default, page names match the title, so the impact should be low but if page names are intentionally obfuscated because the titles are sensitive, the impact could be high.
Patches
This has been fixed in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by adding access control checks before getting the title of any page.
Workarounds
We're not aware of any workarounds.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rest-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.9"
},
{
"fixed": "16.4.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rest-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "16.5.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "16.10.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rest-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "17.0.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "17.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-13T20:42:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T18:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe title of every single page whose reference is known can be accessed through the REST API as long as an XClass with a page property is accessible, this is the default for an XWiki installation. This allows an attacker to get titles of pages whose reference is known, one title per request. This doesn\u0027t affect fully [private wikis](https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/AdminGuide/Access%20Rights/#HPrivateWiki) as the REST endpoint checks access rights on the XClass definition. The impact on confidentiality depends on the strategy for page names. By default, page names match the title, so the impact should be low but if page names are intentionally obfuscated because the titles are sensitive, the impact could be high.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been fixed in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by adding access control checks before getting the title of any page.\n\n### Workarounds\nWe\u0027re not aware of any workarounds.",
"id": "GHSA-mvp5-qx9c-c3fv",
"modified": "2025-06-13T20:42:13Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T20:42:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-mvp5-qx9c-c3fv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ee642f973a7c95d2d146fe03c81bcdee1871f4ec"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22736"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki makes title of inaccessible pages available through the class property values REST API"
}
Mitigation
Specify which data in the software should be regarded as sensitive. Consider which types of users should have access to which types of data.
Mitigation
Ensure that any possibly sensitive data specified in the requirements is verified with designers to ensure that it is either a calculated risk or mitigated elsewhere. Any information that is not necessary to the functionality should be removed in order to lower both the overhead and the possibility of security sensitive data being sent.
Mitigation
Setup default error messages so that unexpected errors do not disclose sensitive information.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-217: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured SSL/TLS
An adversary takes advantage of incorrectly configured SSL/TLS communications that enables access to data intended to be encrypted. The adversary may also use this type of attack to inject commands or other traffic into the encrypted stream to cause compromise of either the client or server.
CAPEC-612: WiFi MAC Address Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi messages and logs the associated Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These addresses are intended to be unique to each wireless device (although they can be configured and changed by software). Once the attacker is able to associate a MAC address with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for that MAC address to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-613: WiFi SSID Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi management frame messages containing the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WiFi network. These messages are frequently transmitted by WiFi access points (e.g., the retransmission device) as well as by clients that are accessing the network (e.g., the handset/mobile device). Once the attacker is able to associate an SSID with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for this SSID to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-618: Cellular Broadcast Message Request
In this attack scenario, the attacker uses knowledge of the target’s mobile phone number (i.e., the number associated with the SIM used in the retransmission device) to cause the cellular network to send broadcast messages to alert the mobile device. Since the network knows which cell tower the target’s mobile device is attached to, the broadcast messages are only sent in the Location Area Code (LAC) where the target is currently located. By triggering the cellular broadcast message and then listening for the presence or absence of that message, an attacker could verify that the target is in (or not in) a given location.
CAPEC-619: Signal Strength Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors the signal strength of the target’s cellular RF signal or WiFi RF signal and uses the strength of the signal (with directional antennas and/or from multiple listening points at once) to identify the source location of the signal. Obtaining the signal of the target can be accomplished through multiple techniques such as through Cellular Broadcast Message Request or through the use of IMSI Tracking or WiFi MAC Address Tracking.
CAPEC-621: Analysis of Packet Timing and Sizes
An attacker may intercept and log encrypted transmissions for the purpose of analyzing metadata such as packet timing and sizes. Although the actual data may be encrypted, this metadata may reveal valuable information to an attacker. Note that this attack is applicable to VOIP data as well as application data, especially for interactive apps that require precise timing and low-latency (e.g. thin-clients).
CAPEC-622: Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors electromagnetic emanations that are produced by the targeted electronic device as an unintentional side-effect of its processing. From these emanations, the attacker derives information about the data that is being processed (e.g. the attacker can recover cryptographic keys by monitoring emanations associated with cryptographic processing). This style of attack requires proximal access to the device, however attacks have been demonstrated at public conferences that work at distances of up to 10-15 feet. There have not been any significant studies to determine the maximum practical distance for such attacks. Since the attack is passive, it is nearly impossible to detect and the targeted device will continue to operate as normal after a successful attack.
CAPEC-623: Compromising Emanations Attack
Compromising Emanations (CE) are defined as unintentional signals which an attacker may intercept and analyze to disclose the information processed by the targeted equipment. Commercial mobile devices and retransmission devices have displays, buttons, microchips, and radios that emit mechanical emissions in the form of sound or vibrations. Capturing these emissions can help an adversary understand what the device is doing.