CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2309 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HH4J-79FP-M79V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-08 00:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in CP Plus Wi-Fi Camera up to 20240401. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component User Management. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-259615. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T00:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in CP Plus Wi-Fi Camera up to 20240401. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component User Management. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-259615. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-hh4j-79fp-m79v",
"modified": "2024-04-08T00:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-04-08T00:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-Fz3G5HQZxBNgeXjPfIR1bEeC_qAegWD/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.259615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.259615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.308217"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HJ32-9MCW-5CWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2023-10-26 22:24Jenkins limits access to job configuration XML data (config.xml) to users with Job/ExtendedRead permission, typically implied by Job/Configure permission. Project Inheritance Plugin has several job inspection features, including the API URL /job/…/getConfigAsXML for its Inheritance Project job type that does something similar.
Project Inheritance Plugin 21.04.03 and earlier does not check permissions for this new endpoint, granting access to job configuration XML data to every user with Job/Read permission.
Additionally, the encrypted values of secrets stored in the job configuration are not redacted, as they would be by the config.xml API for users without Job/Configure permission.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "hudson.plugins:project-inheritance"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "21.04.03"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-2197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-21T17:47:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-03T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins limits access to job configuration XML data (`config.xml`) to users with Job/ExtendedRead permission, typically implied by Job/Configure permission. Project Inheritance Plugin has several job inspection features, including the API URL `/job/\u2026\u200b/getConfigAsXML` for its Inheritance Project job type that does something similar.\n\nProject Inheritance Plugin 21.04.03 and earlier does not check permissions for this new endpoint, granting access to job configuration XML data to every user with Job/Read permission.\n\nAdditionally, the encrypted values of secrets stored in the job configuration are not redacted, as they would be by the `config.xml` API for users without Job/Configure permission.",
"id": "GHSA-hj32-9mcw-5cwh",
"modified": "2023-10-26T22:24:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/1356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-06-03/#SECURITY-1582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/06/03/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing permission check in Jenkins Project Inheritance Plugin"
}
GHSA-HJ8G-XPG4-M3GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-31 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-31 12:30The HT Mega – Absolute Addons For Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.1 via the 'get_post_data' function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to extract sensitive data including the content of private, password-protected, and draft posts and pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-31T12:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The HT Mega \u2013 Absolute Addons For Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.1 via the \u0027get_post_data\u0027 function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to extract sensitive data including the content of private, password-protected, and draft posts and pages.",
"id": "GHSA-hj8g-xpg4-m3gq",
"modified": "2025-07-31T12:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-07-31T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ht-mega-for-elementor/tags/2.9.1/htmega-blocks/includes/classes/Manage_Styles.php#L99"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3336533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9540b339-3386-4ee8-8141-acb9f3d83772?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HJGR-GR2X-27F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2023-05-23 15:30A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain shell access on an affected device and execute commands on the underlying operating system (OS). The vulnerability is due to insufficient enforcement of the consent token in authorizing shell access. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the CLI and requesting shell access on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain shell access on the affected device and execute commands on the underlying OS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-25T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain shell access on an affected device and execute commands on the underlying operating system (OS). The vulnerability is due to insufficient enforcement of the consent token in authorizing shell access. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the CLI and requesting shell access on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain shell access on the affected device and execute commands on the underlying OS.",
"id": "GHSA-hjgr-gr2x-27f8",
"modified": "2023-05-23T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190925-iosxe-ctbypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HJH3-JQ28-5QCC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-22 00:00A flaw was found in pki-core, which could allow a user to get a certificate for another user identity when directory-based authentication is enabled. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker on the adjacent network to impersonate another user within the scope of the domain, but they would not be able to decrypt message content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-14T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in pki-core, which could allow a user to get a certificate for another user identity when directory-based authentication is enabled. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker on the adjacent network to impersonate another user within the scope of the domain, but they would not be able to decrypt message content.",
"id": "GHSA-hjh3-jq28-5qcc",
"modified": "2022-07-22T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-07-15T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-2393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2101046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HJRV-MR9M-RFFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:14GitLab EE, version 11.5 before 11.5.1, is vulnerable to an insecure object reference issue that permits a user with Reporter privileges to view the Jaeger Tracing Operations page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-10T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GitLab EE, version 11.5 before 11.5.1, is vulnerable to an insecure object reference issue that permits a user with Reporter privileges to view the Jaeger Tracing Operations page.",
"id": "GHSA-hjrv-mr9m-rffp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:14:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/2018/11/28/security-release-gitlab-11-dot-5-dot-1-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/54228"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HM2P-4G74-CX7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30Improper authorization in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:16:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network.",
"id": "GHSA-hm2p-4g74-cx7c",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-27912"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HM7Q-JQ63-PR78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 12:31A vulnerability was determined in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. Affected is the function mg_tls_verify_cert_signature of the file mongoose.c of the component P-384 Public Key Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to authorization bypass. The attack can be executed remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 7.21 is able to address this issue. This patch is called 0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1. The affected component should be upgraded. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5246"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T10:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. Affected is the function mg_tls_verify_cert_signature of the file mongoose.c of the component P-384 Public Key Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to authorization bypass. The attack can be executed remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 7.21 is able to address this issue. This patch is called 0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1. The affected component should be upgraded. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
"id": "GHSA-hm7q-jq63-pr78",
"modified": "2026-04-02T12:31:05Z",
"published": "2026-04-02T12:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/770104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354827/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HM9R-7F84-25C9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:21Apache Airflow, versions before 2.7.3, is affected by a vulnerability that allows authenticated and DAG-view authorized Users to modify some DAG run detail values when submitting notes. This could have them alter details such as configuration parameters, start date, etc. Users should upgrade to version 2.7.3 or later which has removed the vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-airflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-13T20:43:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-12T14:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apache Airflow, versions before 2.7.3, is affected by a vulnerability that allows authenticated and DAG-view authorized Users to modify some DAG run detail values when submitting notes. This could have them alter details such as configuration parameters, start date, etc.\u00a0 Users should upgrade to version 2.7.3 or later which has removed the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-hm9r-7f84-25c9",
"modified": "2025-02-13T19:21:05Z",
"published": "2023-11-12T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/33413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/2a0106e4edf67c5905ebfcb82a6008662ae0f7ad"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/b7a46c970d638028a4a7643ad000dcee951fb9ef"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-airflow/PYSEC-2023-232.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/04y4vrw1t2xl030gswtctc4nt1w90cb0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/12/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Airflow allows authenticated and DAG-view authorized users to modify some DAG run detail values when submitting notes"
}
GHSA-HMCX-73WQ-2QF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03The wp_ajax_upload-remote-file AJAX action of the External Media WordPress plugin before 1.0.34 was vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads via any authenticated users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The wp_ajax_upload-remote-file AJAX action of the External Media WordPress plugin before 1.0.34 was vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads via any authenticated users.",
"id": "GHSA-hmcx-73wq-2qf4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4fb90999-6f91-4200-a0cc-bfe9b34a5de9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/05/critical-vulnerability-patched-in-external-media-plugin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
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CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.