Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-295

Allowed

Improper Certificate Validation

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

1914 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F7Q5-QG45-7VM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-10 09:32 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

A heap-buffer-overread vulnerability was found in GnuTLS in how it handles the Certificate Transparency (CT) Signed Certificate Timestamp (SCT) extension during X.509 certificate parsing. This flaw allows a malicious user to create a certificate containing a malformed SCT extension (OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2) that contains sensitive data. This issue leads to the exposure of confidential information when GnuTLS verifies certificates from certain websites when the certificate (SCT) is not checked correctly.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32989"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-10T08:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A heap-buffer-overread vulnerability was found in GnuTLS in how it handles the Certificate Transparency (CT) Signed Certificate Timestamp (SCT) extension during X.509 certificate parsing. This flaw allows a malicious user to create a certificate containing a malformed SCT extension (OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2) that contains sensitive data. This issue leads to the exposure of confidential information when GnuTLS verifies certificates from certain websites when the certificate (SCT) is not checked correctly.",
  "id": "GHSA-f7q5-qg45-7vm8",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T15:30:54Z",
  "published": "2025-07-10T09:32:27Z",
  "references": [
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16115"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16116"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17181"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17348"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
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      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19088"
    },
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      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22529"
    },
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      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7477"
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      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2359621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnutls-help/2025-July/004883.html"
    },
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      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/3"
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
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}

GHSA-F7VF-74CX-834M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper certificate validation vulnerability in OpenVPN client in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.3-25426-2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.

Severity
9.0 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27648"
  ],
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  },
  "details": "Improper certificate validation vulnerability in OpenVPN client in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.3-25426-2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-f7vf-74cx-834m",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T21:31:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:32:35Z",
  "references": [
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    },
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      "url": "https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_20_18"
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F7W7-6PJC-WWM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:46 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:46
VLAI
Summary
Apache Tomcat affected by vulnerability in TLS and SSL protocol
Details

The TLS protocol, and the SSL protocol 3.0 and possibly earlier, as used in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0, mod_ssl in the Apache HTTP Server 2.2.14 and earlier, OpenSSL before 0.9.8l, GnuTLS 2.8.5 and earlier, Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) 3.12.4 and earlier, multiple Cisco products, and other products, does not properly associate renegotiation handshakes with an existing connection, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to insert data into HTTPS sessions, and possibly other types of sessions protected by TLS or SSL, by sending an unauthenticated request that is processed retroactively by a server in a post-renegotiation context, related to a "plaintext injection" attack, aka the "Project Mogul" issue.

Apache Tomcat was affected by this issue and introduced a workaround in versions 7.0.10, 6.0.32, and 5.5.33.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
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        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
      },
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            },
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            }
          ],
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        }
      ]
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  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-3555"
  ],
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      "CWE-300"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-22T19:39:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-11-09T17:30:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
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  "id": "GHSA-f7w7-6pjc-wwm6",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T23:46:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:46:22Z",
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  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Tomcat affected by vulnerability in TLS and SSL protocol"
}

GHSA-F82C-2MG8-7M73

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:05 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:45
VLAI
Details

The NTV News24 prior to Ver.3.0.0 does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.

Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-6032"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-26T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The NTV News24 prior to Ver.3.0.0 does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-f82c-2mg8-7m73",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:45:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:05:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jp.co.ntv.news24\u0026hl=en"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN01236065/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F853-FJJ2-486W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:46
VLAI
Details

The Access CX App for Android prior to 2.0.0.1 and for iOS prior to 2.0.2 does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2110"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-28T16:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Access CX App for Android prior to 2.0.0.1 and for iOS prior to 2.0.2 does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-f853-fjj2-486w",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:46:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:46:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN82619692/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96615"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9J6-QH7X-56FV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-26 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-05 00:30
VLAI
Details

SunGrow iSolarCloud Android app V2.1.6.20241104 and prior suffers from Missing SSL Certificate Validation. The app explicitly ignores certificate errors and is vulnerable to MiTM attacks. Attackers can impersonate the iSolarCloud server and communicate with the Android app.

Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-50691"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T21:15:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SunGrow iSolarCloud Android app V2.1.6.20241104 and prior suffers from Missing SSL Certificate Validation. The app explicitly ignores certificate errors and is vulnerable to MiTM attacks. Attackers can impersonate the iSolarCloud server and communicate with the Android app.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9j6-qh7x-56fv",
  "modified": "2025-03-05T00:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-02-26T21:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://en.sungrowpower.com/security-notice-detail-2/6124"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9MX-3GV3-XR48

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-10 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

An issue in CP Plus CP-VNR-3104 B3223P22C02424 allows attackers to obtain the second RSA private key and access sensitive data or execute a man-in-the-middle attack.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-54849"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-10T17:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in CP Plus CP-VNR-3104 B3223P22C02424 allows attackers to obtain the second RSA private key and access sensitive data or execute a man-in-the-middle attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9mx-3gv3-xr48",
  "modified": "2025-01-13T21:30:52Z",
  "published": "2025-01-10T18:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15522"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54849"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://payatu.com/blog/solving-the-problem-of-encrypted-firmware"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FCJM-R5RJ-FQ7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:31
VLAI
Details

In Network Security Services before 3.44, a malformed Netscape Certificate Sequence can cause NSS to crash, resulting in a denial of service.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-17007"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Network Security Services before 3.44, a malformed Netscape Certificate Sequence can cause NSS to crash, resulting in a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-fcjm-r5rj-fq7w",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1533216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-379803.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/NSS_3.44_release_notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-040-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FF6C-W6QF-7XQC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 02:06 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:18
VLAI
Summary
CSS Parser: Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content
Details

Summary

The CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will be accepted without validation.

Details

In lib/css_parser/parser.rb, the HTTP client sets: https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/blob/3f91e8db7547fac50ab50cb7f9920f785f722740/lib/css_parser/parser.rb#L646

http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE

As a result, the library does not validate the authenticity of HTTPS connections and does not protect against man-in-the-middle attacks. Any attacker in a position to intercept network traffic can inject or modify CSS loaded via HTTPS URLs without detection or warning.

PoC

  1. Set up a test Ruby project that uses the CSS Parser gem and loads an external stylesheet over HTTPS.
  2. Use a local proxy (such as mitmproxy or Burp Suite) to intercept outgoing HTTPS requests.
  3. Present a fake self-signed certificate to the client.
  4. Inject custom CSS into the intercepted HTTPS response.

The request will succeed and the injected CSS will be delivered to the application, as the connection is not validated.

References

https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185

Impact

Applications using CSS Parser to load remote stylesheets over HTTPS are vulnerable to CSS injection and content manipulation, regardless of the trust status of the remote server. All users who use CSS Parser to fetch external CSS over HTTPS may be impacted.

Credit

This vulnerability was uncovered by @JLLeitschuh of the @braze-inc security team.

Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "css_parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "css_parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.22.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44312"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295",
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T02:06:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T17:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with `OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE`, meaning any HTTPS certificate\u2014even entirely untrusted\u2014will be accepted without validation.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `lib/css_parser/parser.rb`, the HTTP client sets:\nhttps://github.com/premailer/css_parser/blob/3f91e8db7547fac50ab50cb7f9920f785f722740/lib/css_parser/parser.rb#L646\n\n```ruby\nhttp.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE\n```\n\nAs a result, the library does not validate the authenticity of HTTPS connections and does not protect against man-in-the-middle attacks. Any attacker in a position to intercept network traffic can inject or modify CSS loaded via HTTPS URLs without detection or warning.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Set up a test Ruby project that uses the CSS Parser gem and loads an external stylesheet over HTTPS.\n2. Use a local proxy (such as mitmproxy or Burp Suite) to intercept outgoing HTTPS requests.\n3. Present a fake self-signed certificate to the client.\n4. Inject custom CSS into the intercepted HTTPS response.\n   \nThe request will succeed and the injected CSS will be delivered to the application, as the connection is not validated.\n\n### References\n \nhttps://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185\n\n### Impact\n\nApplications using CSS Parser to load remote stylesheets over HTTPS are vulnerable to CSS injection and content manipulation, regardless of the trust status of the remote server. All users who use CSS Parser to fetch external CSS over HTTPS may be impacted.\n\n### Credit\n\nThis vulnerability was uncovered by @JLLeitschuh of the @braze-inc security team.",
  "id": "GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T23:18:03Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T02:06:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/advisories/GHSA-ff6c-w6qf-7xqc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44312"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/35e689c904225add78e0c488cf04bad052666449"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/e0c95d5abe91b237becb90ff316531a6547ada18"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/premailer/css_parser"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/css_parser/CVE-2026-44312.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "CSS Parser: Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content"
}

GHSA-FFGC-36M3-C5GF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26
VLAI
Details

Google Chrome before 14.0.835.163 does not perform an expected pin operation for a self-signed certificate during a session, which has unspecified impact and remote attack vectors.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-2874"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-09-19T12:02:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Google Chrome before 14.0.835.163 does not perform an expected pin operation for a self-signed certificate during a session, which has unspecified impact and remote attack vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-ffgc-36m3-c5gf",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:26:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-2874"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/69892"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14454"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=95917"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2011/09/stable-channel-update_16.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/75567"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

Mitigation
Implementation

If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

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