Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-295

Allowed

Improper Certificate Validation

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

1913 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FQ9Q-HXWP-WW2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:11 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:11
VLAI
Details

Sushiro App for iOS 2.1.16 and earlier and Sushiro App for Android 2.1.16.1 and earlier do not verify SSL certificates.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-4830"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-21T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Sushiro App for iOS 2.1.16 and earlier and Sushiro App for Android 2.1.16.1 and earlier do not verify SSL certificates.",
  "id": "GHSA-fq9q-hxwp-ww2g",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:11:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:11:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4830"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN30260727/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/en/contents/2016/JVNDB-2016-000122.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91490"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FRR6-4W4R-WRWV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

Ecosystem Agent version 4 < 4.5.1.2597 and Ecosystem Agent version 5 < 5.1.4.2473 did not properly validate SSL/TLS certificates, which could allow a malicious actor to perform a Man-in-the-Middle and intercept traffic between the agent and N-able servers from a privileged network position.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:37Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Ecosystem Agent version 4 \u003c 4.5.1.2597 and Ecosystem Agent version 5 \u003c 5.1.4.2473 did not properly validate SSL/TLS certificates, which could allow a malicious actor to perform a Man-in-the-Middle and intercept traffic between the agent and N-able servers from a privileged network position.",
  "id": "GHSA-frr6-4w4r-wrwv",
  "modified": "2024-08-12T15:30:51Z",
  "published": "2024-08-12T15:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.n-able.com/s/article/How-to-check-Ecosystem-Agent-Version-in-N-sight"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.n-able.com/s/article/How-to-check-Ecosystem-Agent-version-in-N-central"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.n-able.com/s/security-advisory/aArVy0000000BhpKAE/cve20245445-ecosystem-agent-insufficient-transport-layer-security"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FV83-X2XW-2J55

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 03:32 – Updated: 2026-07-21 12:32
VLAI
Details

When verifying a certificate chain containing excluded DNS constraints, these constraints are not correctly applied to wildcard DNS SANs which use a different case than the constraint. This only affects validation of otherwise trusted certificate chains, issued by a root CA in the VerifyOptions.Roots CertPool, or in the system certificate pool.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33810"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1289",
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T02:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When verifying a certificate chain containing excluded DNS constraints, these constraints are not correctly applied to wildcard DNS SANs which use a different case than the constraint. This only affects validation of otherwise trusted certificate chains, issued by a root CA in the VerifyOptions.Roots CertPool, or in the system certificate pool.",
  "id": "GHSA-fv83-x2xw-2j55",
  "modified": "2026-07-21T12:32:54Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T03:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28047"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29854"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:40118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:40945"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41928"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42047"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42049"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42050"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42051"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7291"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9385"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2456335"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/cl/763763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/issue/78332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/0uYbvbPZRWU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4866"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33810.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14391"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19135"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19353"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19719"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22347"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22485"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22959"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22960"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22961"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26568"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26571"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/19/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/20/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FVVH-QMRH-FP83

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-24 00:00
VLAI
Details

'Mobaoku-Auction&Flea Market' App for iOS versions prior to 5.5.16 improperly verifies server certificates, which may allow an attacker to eavesdrop on an encrypted communication via a man-in-the-middle attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29482"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-14T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\u0027Mobaoku-Auction\u0026Flea Market\u0027 App for iOS versions prior to 5.5.16 improperly verifies server certificates, which may allow an attacker to eavesdrop on an encrypted communication via a man-in-the-middle attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-fvvh-qmrh-fp83",
  "modified": "2022-06-24T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-06-15T00:00:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN13878856/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FVWQ-3PCX-4FVR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:26
VLAI
Details

MailMate before 1.11 automatically imported S/MIME certificates and thereby silently replaced existing ones. This allowed a man-in-the-middle attacker to obtain an email-validated S/MIME certificate from a trusted CA and replace the public key of the entity to be impersonated. This enabled the attacker to decipher further communication. The entire attack could be accomplished by sending a single email.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-12619"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-20T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "MailMate before 1.11 automatically imported S/MIME certificates and thereby silently replaced existing ones. This allowed a man-in-the-middle attacker to obtain an email-validated S/MIME certificate from a trusted CA and replace the public key of the entity to be impersonated. This enabled the attacker to decipher further communication. The entire attack could be accomplished by sending a single email.",
  "id": "GHSA-fvwq-3pcx-4fvr",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:26:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:26:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12619"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://updates.mailmate-app.com/2.0/release_notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nds.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/media/nds/veroeffentlichungen/2020/08/15/mailto-paper.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FW35-7JFQ-3G5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30
VLAI
Details

When Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) authentication is enabled, Juniper Networks Mist Cloud UI might incorrectly process invalid authentication certificates which could allow a malicious network-based user to access unauthorized data. This issue affects all Juniper Networks Mist Cloud UI versions prior to September 2 2020.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-1675"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) authentication is enabled, Juniper Networks Mist Cloud UI might incorrectly process invalid authentication certificates which could allow a malicious network-based user to access unauthorized data. This issue affects all Juniper Networks Mist Cloud UI versions prior to September 2 2020.",
  "id": "GHSA-fw35-7jfq-3g5m",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1675"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11072"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FWHW-H3P7-GX3Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-19 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-19 03:30
VLAI
Details

Improper certificate validation vulnerability in the update functionality in Synology BeeStation Manager (BSM) before 1.1-65374, Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.4-25556-8, 7.1.1-42962-7, 7.2-64570-4, 7.2.1-69057-6 and 7.2.2-72806-1 and Synology Unified Controller (DSMUC) before 3.1.4-23079 allows remote attackers to write limited files via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-19T02:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper certificate validation vulnerability in the update functionality in Synology BeeStation Manager (BSM) before 1.1-65374, Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.4-25556-8, 7.1.1-42962-7, 7.2-64570-4, 7.2.1-69057-6 and 7.2.2-72806-1 and Synology Unified Controller (DSMUC) before 3.1.4-23079 allows remote attackers to write limited files via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwhw-h3p7-gx3q",
  "modified": "2025-03-19T03:30:35Z",
  "published": "2025-03-19T03:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_24_20"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_24_23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FWWQ-W4X9-PP7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:07 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:07
VLAI
Details

PortSwigger Burp Suite before 1.7.34 has Improper Certificate Validation of the Collaborator server certificate, which might allow man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain interaction data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-10377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-17T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PortSwigger Burp Suite before 1.7.34 has Improper Certificate Validation of the Collaborator server certificate, which might allow man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain interaction data.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwwq-w4x9-pp7r",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:07:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:07:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/337680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://integritylabs.io/advisories/cve-2018-10377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://releases.portswigger.net/2018/06/1734.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FX8R-3HMX-C78J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17
VLAI
Details

LibreOffice supports digital signatures of ODF documents and macros within documents, presenting visual aids that no alteration of the document occurred since the last signing and that the signature is valid. An Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in LibreOffice allowed an attacker to create a digitally signed ODF document, by manipulating the documentsignatures.xml or macrosignatures.xml stream within the document to combine multiple certificate data, which when opened caused LibreOffice to display a validly signed indicator but whose content was unrelated to the signature shown. This issue affects: The Document Foundation LibreOffice 7-0 versions prior to 7.0.6; 7-1 versions prior to 7.1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25633"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-11T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "LibreOffice supports digital signatures of ODF documents and macros within documents, presenting visual aids that no alteration of the document occurred since the last signing and that the signature is valid. An Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in LibreOffice allowed an attacker to create a digitally signed ODF document, by manipulating the documentsignatures.xml or macrosignatures.xml stream within the document to combine multiple certificate data, which when opened caused LibreOffice to display a validly signed indicator but whose content was unrelated to the signature shown. This issue affects: The Document Foundation LibreOffice 7-0 versions prior to 7.0.6; 7-1 versions prior to 7.1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx8r-3hmx-c78j",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:17:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25633"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/security/advisories/CVE-2021-25633"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FX8W-2FV7-5CQ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36
VLAI
Details

An error was found in the X-Pack Security TLS trust manager for versions 5.0.0 to 5.5.1. If reloading the trust material fails the trust manager will be replaced with an instance that trusts all certificates. This could allow any node using any certificate to join a cluster. The proper behavior in this instance is for the TLS trust manager to deny all certificates.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-18T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An error was found in the X-Pack Security TLS trust manager for versions 5.0.0 to 5.5.1. If reloading the trust material fails the trust manager will be replaced with an instance that trusts all certificates. This could allow any node using any certificate to join a cluster. The proper behavior in this instance is for the TLS trust manager to deny all certificates.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx8w-2fv7-5cq2",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:36:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

Mitigation
Implementation

If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.