CWE-327
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.
960 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q46V-CJ5V-HVG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:22 – Updated: 2022-07-13 15:47Apache Hadoop before 0.23.4, 1.x before 1.0.4, and 2.x before 2.0.2 generate token passwords using a 20-bit secret when Kerberos security features are enabled, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to crack secret keys via a brute-force attack.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.23.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4449"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-13T15:47:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-30T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Apache Hadoop before 0.23.4, 1.x before 1.0.4, and 2.x before 2.0.2 generate token passwords using a 20-bit secret when Kerberos security features are enabled, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to crack secret keys via a brute-force attack.",
"id": "GHSA-q46v-cj5v-hvg6",
"modified": "2022-07-13T15:47:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:22:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudera.com/documentation/other/security-bulletins/topics/csb_topic_1.html#topic_1_0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/hadoop-general/201210.mbox/%3CCA+z3+9FYdPmzBEaMZ71SUqzRx=eU=o4mSHUsbrpzgR9X_F1c0Q@mail.gmail.com%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm in Apache Hadoop"
}
GHSA-Q76H-P6JH-9RW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 03:47 – Updated: 2026-06-08 03:47A vulnerability was determined in yoanbernabeu grepai up to 0.35.0. The affected element is the function PostgresStore.LookupByContentHash of the file indexer/chunker.go of the component Postgres Embedding Cache. Executing a manipulation of the argument content_hash can lead to use of weak hash. The attack needs to be launched locally. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11481"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T03:16:20Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in yoanbernabeu grepai up to 0.35.0. The affected element is the function PostgresStore.LookupByContentHash of the file indexer/chunker.go of the component Postgres Embedding Cache. Executing a manipulation of the argument content_hash can lead to use of weak hash. The attack needs to be launched locally. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.",
"id": "GHSA-q76h-p6jh-9rw3",
"modified": "2026-06-08T03:47:24Z",
"published": "2026-06-08T03:47:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai/issues/249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai/pull/250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/833997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369101/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q7WX-2Q75-9872
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:57Dell EMC Integrated Data Protection Appliance versions prior to 2.3 contain a password storage vulnerability in the ACM component. A remote authenticated malicious user with root privileges may potentially use a support tool to decrypt encrypted passwords stored locally on the system to use it to access other components using the privileges of the compromised user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell EMC Integrated Data Protection Appliance versions prior to 2.3 contain a password storage vulnerability in the ACM component. A remote authenticated malicious user with root privileges may potentially use a support tool to decrypt encrypted passwords stored locally on the system to use it to access other components using the privileges of the compromised user.",
"id": "GHSA-q7wx-2q75-9872",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:57:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/security/en-us/details/536363/DSA-2019-112-Dell-EMC-Integrated-Data-Protection-Appliance-Multiple-Vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q8P7-CG4R-8F76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-15 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:30Broadcom RAID Controller web interface is vulnerable to exposure of sensitive data and the keys used for encryption are accessible to any local user on Linux
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-15T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Broadcom RAID Controller web interface is vulnerable to exposure of sensitive data and the keys used for encryption are accessible to any local user on Linux",
"id": "GHSA-q8p7-cg4r-8f76",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:30:41Z",
"published": "2023-08-15T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.broadcom.com/support/resources/product-security-center"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00926.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q973-C733-6J79
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:09IceHrm before 23.0.1.OS has a risky usage of a hashed password in a request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12420"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-14T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IceHrm before 23.0.1.OS has a risky usage of a hashed password in a request.",
"id": "GHSA-q973-c733-6j79",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:09:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:09:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gamonoid/icehrm/commit/025a8283ab5d679ff99a6b82398e4c8efed1ad9d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gamonoid/icehrm/releases/tag/v23.0.1.OS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCRF-63XX-3CW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-02 03:30IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-02T01:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-qcrf-63xx-3cw2",
"modified": "2025-05-02T03:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-02T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7232169"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QFRV-FMC5-HMMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-23 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-23 18:30Ember ZNet between v7.2.0 and v7.4.0 used software AES-CCM instead of integrated hardware cryptographic accelerators, potentially increasing risk of electromagnetic and differential power analysis sidechannel attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1240",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-23T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Ember ZNet between v7.2.0 and v7.4.0 used software AES-CCM instead of integrated hardware cryptographic accelerators, potentially increasing risk of electromagnetic and differential power analysis sidechannel attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-qfrv-fmc5-hmmh",
"modified": "2024-02-23T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2024-02-23T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.silabs.com/068Vm000001BKm6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QGW6-CGVX-VW2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14A cache-based side channel in GnuTLS implementation that leads to plain text recovery in cross-VM attack setting was found. An attacker could use a combination of "Just in Time" Prime+probe attack in combination with Lucky-13 attack to recover plain text using crafted packets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10846"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-385"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-22T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A cache-based side channel in GnuTLS implementation that leads to plain text recovery in cross-VM attack setting was found. An attacker could use a combination of \"Just in Time\" Prime+probe attack in combination with Lucky-13 attack to recover plain text using crafted packets.",
"id": "GHSA-qgw6-cgvx-vw2g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2018-10846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1582574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-10846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/merge_requests/657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ILMOWPKMTZAIMK5F32TUMO34XCABUCFJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WDYY3R4F5CUTFAMXH2C5NKYFVDEJLTT7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ILMOWPKMTZAIMK5F32TUMO34XCABUCFJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WDYY3R4F5CUTFAMXH2C5NKYFVDEJLTT7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3999-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105138"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QHCV-443V-WJGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:03In versions 14.1.0-14.1.0.1 and 14.1.2.5-14.1.2.7, when a BIG-IP object is created or listed through the REST interface, the protected fields are obfuscated in the REST response, not protected via a SecureVault cryptogram as TMSH does. One example of protected fields is the GTM monitor password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-5943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-326",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-05T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In versions 14.1.0-14.1.0.1 and 14.1.2.5-14.1.2.7, when a BIG-IP object is created or listed through the REST interface, the protected fields are obfuscated in the REST response, not protected via a SecureVault cryptogram as TMSH does. One example of protected fields is the GTM monitor password.",
"id": "GHSA-qhcv-443v-wjgq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:03:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K20059815"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QHVP-7MCR-9PJ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:37The Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) protocol allows remote attackers to spoof a Presidential Alert because cryptographic authentication is not used, as demonstrated by MessageIdentifier 4370 in LTE System Information Block 12 (aka SIB12). NOTE: testing inside an RF-isolated shield box suggested that all LTE phones are affected by design (e.g., use of Android versus iOS does not matter); testing in an open RF environment is, of course, contraindicated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-18659"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-02T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) protocol allows remote attackers to spoof a Presidential Alert because cryptographic authentication is not used, as demonstrated by MessageIdentifier 4370 in LTE System Information Block 12 (aka SIB12). NOTE: testing inside an RF-isolated shield box suggested that all LTE phones are affected by design (e.g., use of Android versus iOS does not matter); testing in an open RF environment is, of course, contraindicated.",
"id": "GHSA-qhvp-7mcr-9pj9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:37:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3326082"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-24
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
- For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification [REF-1192].
- Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
- Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation MIT-52
Ensure that the design allows one cryptographic algorithm to be replaced with another in the next generation or version. Where possible, use wrappers to make the interfaces uniform. This will make it easier to upgrade to stronger algorithms. With hardware, design the product at the Intellectual Property (IP) level so that one cryptographic algorithm can be replaced with another in the next generation of the hardware product.
Mitigation
Carefully manage and protect cryptographic keys (see CWE-320). If the keys can be guessed or stolen, then the strength of the cryptography itself is irrelevant.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Industry-standard implementations will save development time and may be more likely to avoid errors that can occur during implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Consider the ESAPI Encryption feature.
Mitigation MIT-25
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.
CAPEC-608: Cryptanalysis of Cellular Encryption
The use of cryptanalytic techniques to derive cryptographic keys or otherwise effectively defeat cellular encryption to reveal traffic content. Some cellular encryption algorithms such as A5/1 and A5/2 (specified for GSM use) are known to be vulnerable to such attacks and commercial tools are available to execute these attacks and decrypt mobile phone conversations in real-time. Newer encryption algorithms in use by UMTS and LTE are stronger and currently believed to be less vulnerable to these types of attacks. Note, however, that an attacker with a Cellular Rogue Base Station can force the use of weak cellular encryption even by newer mobile devices.
CAPEC-614: Rooting SIM Cards
SIM cards are the de facto trust anchor of mobile devices worldwide. The cards protect the mobile identity of subscribers, associate devices with phone numbers, and increasingly store payment credentials, for example in NFC-enabled phones with mobile wallets. This attack leverages over-the-air (OTA) updates deployed via cryptographically-secured SMS messages to deliver executable code to the SIM. By cracking the DES key, an attacker can send properly signed binary SMS messages to a device, which are treated as Java applets and are executed on the SIM. These applets are allowed to send SMS, change voicemail numbers, and query the phone location, among many other predefined functions. These capabilities alone provide plenty of potential for abuse.
CAPEC-97: Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key (instance deduction). Sometimes the weakness is not in the cryptographic algorithm itself, but rather in how it is applied that makes cryptanalysis successful. An attacker may have other goals as well, such as: Total Break (finding the secret key), Global Deduction (finding a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption that does not require knowledge of the secret key), Information Deduction (gaining some information about plaintexts or ciphertexts that was not previously known) and Distinguishing Algorithm (the attacker has the ability to distinguish the output of the encryption (ciphertext) from a random permutation of bits).