CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14195 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RM8H-Q284-G952
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00The PDF24 Articles To PDF WordPress plugin through 4.2.2 does not have CSRF check in place when updating its settings, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin change them via a CSRF attack
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1828"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-20T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The PDF24 Articles To PDF WordPress plugin through 4.2.2 does not have CSRF check in place when updating its settings, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin change them via a CSRF attack",
"id": "GHSA-rm8h-q284-g952",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-06-21T00:00:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/877ce7a5-b1ff-4d03-9cd8-6beed5595af8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM8M-FP2P-77CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2025-05-20 18:30A spoofing vulnerability exists in Azure DevOps Server when it improperly handles requests to authorize applications, resulting in a cross-site request forgery, aka 'Azure DevOps Server Spoofing Vulnerability'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0996"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-12T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A spoofing vulnerability exists in Azure DevOps Server when it improperly handles requests to authorize applications, resulting in a cross-site request forgery, aka \u0027Azure DevOps Server Spoofing Vulnerability\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-rm8m-fp2p-77cc",
"modified": "2025-05-20T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2019-0996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0996"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM8M-JX8F-GG9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-29 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-17 15:31The WP SOCIAL BOOKMARK MENU WordPress plugin through 1.2 does not have CSRF check in place when updating its settings, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin change them via a CSRF attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7074"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-29T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WP SOCIAL BOOKMARK MENU WordPress plugin through 1.2 does not have CSRF check in place when updating its settings, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin change them via a CSRF attack.",
"id": "GHSA-rm8m-jx8f-gg9f",
"modified": "2025-06-17T15:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-01-29T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://magos-securitas.com/txt/CVE-2023-7074.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/7906c349-97b0-4d82-aef0-97a1175ae88e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM96-H83H-VG96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-25 18:30idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/infoWeb_deal.php?mudi=rev.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35550"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/infoWeb_deal.php?mudi=rev.",
"id": "GHSA-rm96-h83h-vg96",
"modified": "2025-03-25T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T15:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bearman113/1.md/blob/main/17/csrf.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM98-3VRX-Q6WP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-05 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-06 18:30The Advanced Import WordPress plugin before 1.3.8 does not have CSRF check when installing and activating plugins, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin install arbitrary plugins from WordPress.org, and activate arbitrary ones from the blog via CSRF attacks
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3677"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-05T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Advanced Import WordPress plugin before 1.3.8 does not have CSRF check when installing and activating plugins, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin install arbitrary plugins from WordPress.org, and activate arbitrary ones from the blog via CSRF attacks",
"id": "GHSA-rm98-3vrx-q6wp",
"modified": "2022-12-06T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2022-12-05T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3677"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5a7c6367-a3e6-4411-8865-2a9dbc9f1450"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM9R-5RV8-5JW4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-21 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 21:30Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Web Runtime SEC). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 9.2.9.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T21:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Web Runtime SEC). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 9.2.9.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-rm9r-5rv8-5jw4",
"modified": "2025-01-21T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2025-01-21T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMF8-4FG8-5V47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-10 15:30Shenzhen Tenda AC7 firmware version V03.03.03.01_cn and prior does not implement CSRF protections for administrative functions in the web management interface. The interface does not enforce anti-CSRF tokens or robust origin validation, which can allow an attacker to induce a logged-in administrator to perform unintended state-changing requests and modify router settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T20:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Shenzhen Tenda AC7 firmware version V03.03.03.01_cn and prior does not implement CSRF protections for administrative functions in the web management interface. The interface does not enforce anti-CSRF tokens or robust origin validation, which can allow an attacker to induce a logged-in administrator to perform unintended state-changing requests and modify router settings.",
"id": "GHSA-rmf8-4fg8-5v47",
"modified": "2026-02-10T15:30:21Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T21:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tendacn.com/product/AC7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tenda-ac7-web-interface-lacks-csrf-protections-for-admin-actions"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMGX-G94R-75JG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:28A bug in popup notifications delay calculation could have made it possible for an attacker to trick a user into granting permissions. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 116, Firefox ESR < 102.14, and Firefox ESR < 115.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-01T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A bug in popup notifications delay calculation could have made it possible for an attacker to trick a user into granting permissions. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 116, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.14, and Firefox ESR \u003c 115.1.",
"id": "GHSA-rmgx-g94r-75jg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:28:27Z",
"published": "2023-08-01T15:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1839073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMHW-C3XR-M3XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-31 23:00Mattermost versions 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10, 11.4.x <= 11.4.0, 11.3.x <= 11.3.1 fail to properly validate CSRF tokens in the /api/v4/access_control_policies/{policy_id}/activate endpoint, which allows an attacker to trick an admin into changing access control policy active status via a crafted request. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00578
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.4.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "11.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "11.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.2.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "11.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.11.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.11.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.11.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 8.0.0-20260217110922-b7d4a1f1f59b"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-20260105080200-d27a2195068d"
},
{
"fixed": "10.11.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27659"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-31T23:00:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:16:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 11.2.x \u003c= 11.2.2, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.10, 11.4.x \u003c= 11.4.0, 11.3.x \u003c= 11.3.1 fail to properly validate CSRF tokens in the /api/v4/access_control_policies/{policy_id}/activate endpoint, which allows an attacker to trick an admin into changing access control policy active status via a crafted request. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00578",
"id": "GHSA-rmhw-c3xr-m3xx",
"modified": "2026-03-31T23:00:00Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T18:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27659"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost doesn\u0027t properly validate CSRF tokens"
}
GHSA-RMM7-5PHH-4Q5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-27 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-27 09:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /api/article/del of the component Article Handler. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-27T09:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /api/article/del of the component Article Handler. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-rmm7-5phh-4q5m",
"modified": "2025-04-27T09:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-04-27T09:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/Blog-System/CSRF.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.306300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.557239"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.