CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14190 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RPX3-JHF4-259Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-09 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Kenth Hagström WP-Cache.Com plugin <= 1.1.1 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Kenth Hagstr\u00f6m WP-Cache.Com plugin \u003c=\u00a01.1.1 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-rpx3-jhf4-259q",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:05Z",
"published": "2023-11-09T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-cachecom/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-cache-com-plugin-1-1-1-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-cachecom/wordpress-wp-cache-com-plugin-1-1-1-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RPX4-39VW-744P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:38Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Pods Framework Team Pods – Custom Content Types and Fields plugin <= 2.9.10.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23790"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T10:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Pods Framework Team Pods \u2013 Custom Content Types and Fields plugin \u003c=\u00a02.9.10.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-rpx4-39vw-744p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:38:38Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pods/wordpress-pods-custom-content-types-and-fields-plugin-2-9-10-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ28-X6FQ-J954
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2023-12-18 18:30The Nested Pages WordPress plugin <= 3.1.15 was vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery via the npBulkActions and npBulkEdit admin_post actions, which allowed attackers to trash or permanently purge arbitrary posts as well as changing their status, reassigning their ownership, and editing other metadata.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38342"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-30T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Nested Pages WordPress plugin \u003c= 3.1.15 was vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery via the `npBulkAction`s and `npBulkEdit` `admin_post` actions, which allowed attackers to trash or permanently purge arbitrary posts as well as changing their status, reassigning their ownership, and editing other metadata.",
"id": "GHSA-rq28-x6fq-j954",
"modified": "2023-12-18T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/08/nested-pages-pat%E2%80%A6on-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/08/nested-pages-pat\u2026on-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/vulnerability-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ2Q-HC6H-2PX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 15:30 – Updated: 2023-12-12 00:55JFinalCMS v5.0.0 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/tag/save.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.jfinal:jfinal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-12T00:55:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "JFinalCMS v5.0.0 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/tag/save.",
"id": "GHSA-rq2q-hc6h-2px2",
"modified": "2023-12-12T00:55:01Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cui2shark/cms/blob/main/Added%20CSRF%20in%20Label%20Management.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery in JFinalCMS via /admin/tag/save"
}
GHSA-RQ44-CFP6-2C3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-05 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:30An issue was discovered in WikibaseLexeme in MediaWiki before 1.39.6, 1.40.x before 1.40.2, and 1.41.x before 1.41.1. Loading Special:MergeLexemes will (attempt to) make an edit that merges the from-id to the to-id, even if the request was not a POST request, and even if it does not contain an edit token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34502"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-05T19:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WikibaseLexeme in MediaWiki before 1.39.6, 1.40.x before 1.40.2, and 1.41.x before 1.41.1. Loading Special:MergeLexemes will (attempt to) make an edit that merges the from-id to the to-id, even if the request was not a POST request, and even if it does not contain an edit token.",
"id": "GHSA-rq44-cfp6-2c3c",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-05-05T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/WikibaseLexeme/+/1013359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FU2FGUXXK6TMV6R52VRECLC6XCSQQISY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FU2FGUXXK6TMV6R52VRECLC6XCSQQISY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357101"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ65-JVH5-686F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-08-20 21:30A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the component delete_categorie.php of Warehouse Inventory System v2.0 allows attackers to escalate privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42582"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-20T13:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the component delete_categorie.php of Warehouse Inventory System v2.0 allows attackers to escalate privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-rq65-jvh5-686f",
"modified": "2024-08-20T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-08-20T15:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/topsky979/c0d78b257ce1e661be30de1ce9551d27"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ77-P4H8-4CRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-14 15:26 – Updated: 2025-05-01 12:31Summary
gorilla/csrf is vulnerable to CSRF via form submission from origins that share a top level domain with the target origin.
Details
gorilla/csrf does not validate the Origin header against an allowlist. Its executes its validation of the Referer header for cross-origin requests only when it believes the request is being served over TLS. It determines this by inspecting the r.URL.Scheme value. However, this value is never populated for "server" requests per the Go spec, and so this check does not run in practice.
// URL specifies either the URI being requested (for server
// requests) or the URL to access (for client requests).
//
// For server requests, the URL is parsed from the URI
// supplied on the Request-Line as stored in RequestURI. For
// most requests, fields other than Path and RawQuery will be
// empty. (See [RFC 7230, Section 5.3](https://rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7230.html#section-5.3))
//
// For client requests, the URL's Host specifies the server to
// connect to, while the Request's Host field optionally
// specifies the Host header value to send in the HTTP
// request.
URL *[url](https://pkg.go.dev/net/url).[URL](https://pkg.go.dev/net/url#URL)
PoC
- create trusted origin
target.example.testprotected with gorilla/csrf and served over TLS hosting form on/submit - create attacker origin
attack.example.testserved over TLS - attacker exfiltrates token & cookie combination from
target.example.test - attacker sets exfiltrated cookie with
domain=.example.test and path=/submit - as the cookie has a more specific path than
/(the default for CSRF cookies) it will be sent first by the browser on submit to our target origin - submit form from
attack.example.testwith exfiltrated CSRF form token - observe valid form submission as
attack.example.testOrigin / Referer headers are not validated.
Impact
This vulnerability allows an attacker who has gained XSS on a subdomain or top level domain to perform authenticated form submissions against gorilla/csrf protected targets that share the same top level domain.
This bug has existed in gorilla/csrf since its initial release in 2015.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gorilla/csrf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-14T15:26:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T19:16:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\ngorilla/csrf is vulnerable to CSRF via form submission from origins that share a top level domain with the target origin.\n\n### Details\n\ngorilla/csrf does not validate the Origin header against an allowlist. Its executes its validation of the Referer header for cross-origin requests only when it believes the request is being served over TLS. It determines this by inspecting the `r.URL.Scheme` value. However, this value is never populated for \"server\" requests [per the Go spec](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Request), and so this check does not run in practice. \n```\n\t// URL specifies either the URI being requested (for server\n\t// requests) or the URL to access (for client requests).\n\t//\n\t// For server requests, the URL is parsed from the URI\n\t// supplied on the Request-Line as stored in RequestURI. For\n\t// most requests, fields other than Path and RawQuery will be\n\t// empty. (See [RFC 7230, Section 5.3](https://rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7230.html#section-5.3))\n\t//\n\t// For client requests, the URL\u0027s Host specifies the server to\n\t// connect to, while the Request\u0027s Host field optionally\n\t// specifies the Host header value to send in the HTTP\n\t// request.\n\tURL *[url](https://pkg.go.dev/net/url).[URL](https://pkg.go.dev/net/url#URL)\n```\n\n### PoC\n\n- create trusted origin `target.example.test` protected with gorilla/csrf and served over TLS hosting form on `/submit`\n- create attacker origin `attack.example.test` served over TLS\n- attacker exfiltrates token \u0026 cookie combination from `target.example.test` \n- attacker sets exfiltrated cookie with `domain=.example.test and path=/submit`\n - as the cookie has a more specific path than `/` (the default for CSRF cookies) it will be sent first by the browser on submit to our target origin\n- submit form from `attack.example.test` with exfiltrated CSRF form token\n- observe valid form submission as `attack.example.test` Origin / Referer headers are not validated. \n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows an attacker who has gained XSS on a subdomain or top level domain to perform authenticated form submissions against gorilla/csrf protected targets that share the same top level domain.\n\nThis bug has existed in gorilla/csrf since its initial release in 2015.",
"id": "GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw",
"modified": "2025-05-01T12:31:16Z",
"published": "2025-04-14T15:26:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gorilla/csrf/security/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gorilla/csrf/commit/9dd6af1f6d30fc79fb0d972394deebdabad6b5eb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gorilla/csrf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "gorilla/csrf CSRF vulnerability due to broken Referer validation"
}
GHSA-RQ7G-MQRV-GRXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-29 09:30 – Updated: 2024-03-29 09:30The Pocket News Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 0.2.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the option_page() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin's settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-29T07:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Pocket News Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 0.2.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the option_page() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin\u0027s settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-rq7g-mqrv-grxx",
"modified": "2024-03-29T09:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-03-29T09:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/pocket-news-generator/trunk/pocket-news-generator.php#L77"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9fe7f4e4-3774-408b-8a2a-0db67bc34fcf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ7Q-7G2Q-2GXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-03 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:10Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Sami Ahmed Siddiqui HTTP Auth plugin <= 0.3.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-03T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Sami Ahmed Siddiqui HTTP Auth plugin \u003c=\u00a00.3.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-rq7q-7g2q-2gxp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:10:19Z",
"published": "2023-10-03T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/http-auth/wordpress-http-auth-plugin-0-3-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ96-PQ8H-XJ6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-12 15:37 – Updated: 2025-05-27 18:30Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in AppPresser Team AppPresser.This issue affects AppPresser: from n/a through 4.3.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-12T13:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in AppPresser Team AppPresser.This issue affects AppPresser: from n/a through 4.3.0.",
"id": "GHSA-rq96-pq8h-xj6x",
"modified": "2025-05-27T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-04-12T15:37:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/apppresser/wordpress-apppresser-plugin-4-3-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.