CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14275 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4G7Q-85G4-QW3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-23 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-03 15:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protections for the web-based management interface on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform arbitrary actions with the privilege level of the affected user. These actions could include modifying the system configuration and deleting accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protections for the web-based management interface on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform arbitrary actions with the privilege level of the affected user. These actions could include modifying the system configuration and deleting accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-4g7q-85g4-qw3w",
"modified": "2023-04-03T15:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-03-23T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-vman-csrf-76RDbLEh"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4G82-FHH4-4P9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:44Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Plugincraft Mediamatic – Media Library Folders plugin <= 2.8.1 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47142"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-22T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Plugincraft Mediamatic \u2013 Media Library Folders plugin \u003c=\u00a02.8.1 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-4g82-fhh4-4p9r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:44:46Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:14:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/mediamatic/wordpress-mediamatic-media-library-folders-plugin-2-8-1-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4G88-4HGM-M99X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-09 18:34 – Updated: 2023-11-15 17:28Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in NASA Open MCT (aka openmct) through 3.1.0 allows attackers to view sensitive information via the flexibleLayout plugin.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openmct"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-15T17:28:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in NASA Open MCT (aka openmct) through 3.1.0 allows attackers to view sensitive information via the flexibleLayout plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-4g88-4hgm-m99x",
"modified": "2023-11-15T17:28:47Z",
"published": "2023-11-09T18:34:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct/pull/7148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct/pull/7148/commits/4e95e12559c9c5364269ff366a59768573baacb4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/xss-nasas-open-mct-v302-visionspace-technologies-ubg4f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "NASA Open MCT Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability"
}
GHSA-4G8C-P257-92CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-02 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The Complianz – GDPR/CCPA Cookie Consent plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 6.5.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the process_delete function in class-DNSMPD.php. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete GDPR data requests via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-02T07:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Complianz \u2013 GDPR/CCPA Cookie Consent plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 6.5.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the process_delete function in class-DNSMPD.php. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete GDPR data requests via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-4g8c-p257-92cq",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:41Z",
"published": "2024-03-02T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3041903%40complianz-gdpr\u0026old=3009228%40complianz-gdpr\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6b524fc5-4beb-49f6-bafa-c788c6d1d78c?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GCX-7VHP-WJ94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 00:31 – Updated: 2025-03-27 00:31In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.2.2403.108, and 9.1.2312.204, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could change the maintenance mode state of App Key Value Store (KVStore) through a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-26T22:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.2.2403.108, and 9.1.2312.204, a low-privileged user that does not hold the \"admin\" or \"power\" Splunk roles could change the maintenance mode state of App Key Value Store (KVStore) through a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).",
"id": "GHSA-4gcx-7vhp-wj94",
"modified": "2025-03-27T00:31:48Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T00:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2025-0303"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GFC-72GW-V385
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-13 18:31 – Updated: 2023-12-18 23:39Jenkins Nexus Platform Plugin 3.18.0-03 and earlier does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to send an HTTP request to an attacker-specified URL and parse the response as XML.
Additionally, the plugin does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks, so attackers can have Jenkins parse a crafted XML response that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.
Additionally, these form validation methods do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
Nexus Platform Plugin 3.18.1-01 configures its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.
Additionally, POST requests and Overall/Administer permission are required for the affected HTTP endpoints.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.sonatype.nexus.ci:nexus-jenkins-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.18.1-01"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-18T23:39:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-13T18:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Nexus Platform Plugin 3.18.0-03 and earlier does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to send an HTTP request to an attacker-specified URL and parse the response as XML.\n\nAdditionally, the plugin does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks, so attackers can have Jenkins parse a crafted XML response that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.\n\nAdditionally, these form validation methods do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nNexus Platform Plugin 3.18.1-01 configures its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.\n\nAdditionally, POST requests and Overall/Administer permission are required for the affected HTTP endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-4gfc-72gw-v385",
"modified": "2023-12-18T23:39:46Z",
"published": "2023-12-13T18:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/nexus-platform-plugin/pull/291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/nexus-platform-plugin/commit/1d5e1e9e457af5e8ce8c9a403933d6cb73542dbd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/nexus-platform-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-12-13/#SECURITY-3204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/13/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Nexus Platform Plugin Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability"
}
GHSA-4GG3-R389-WF64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-09-13 00:00CSRF in admin/manage-settings.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows attackers to change the global settings, potentially gaining code execution or causing a denial of service, via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10478"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CSRF in admin/manage-settings.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows attackers to change the global settings, potentially gaining code execution or causing a denial of service, via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-4gg3-r389-wf64",
"modified": "2022-09-13T00:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://antoniocannito.it/phpkb3#cross-site-request-forgery-when-changing-settings-cve-2020-10478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://antoniocannito.it/?p=343#csrf1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GG8-FW6H-7J43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in integrationshotelrunner HotelRunner Booking Widget hotelrunner allows Stored XSS.This issue affects HotelRunner Booking Widget: from n/a through <= 1.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in integrationshotelrunner HotelRunner Booking Widget hotelrunner allows Stored XSS.This issue affects HotelRunner Booking Widget: from n/a through \u003c= 1.6.",
"id": "GHSA-4gg8-fw6h-7j43",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/hotelrunner/vulnerability/wordpress-hotelrunner-booking-widget-plugin-1-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/hotelrunner/vulnerability/wordpress-hotelrunner-booking-widget-plugin-1-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/hotelrunner/vulnerability/wordpress-hotelrunner-booking-widget-plugin-1-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GJ8-55P5-FM24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30Twitter-Clone 1 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows remote attackers to force victims to delete posts by crafting malicious HTML forms. Attackers can create hidden forms targeting tweetdel.php with tweet IDs and automatically submit them to delete arbitrary posts from authenticated user sessions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25363"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T15:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Twitter-Clone 1 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows remote attackers to force victims to delete posts by crafting malicious HTML forms. Attackers can create hidden forms targeting tweetdel.php with tweet IDs and automatically submit them to delete arbitrary posts from authenticated user sessions.",
"id": "GHSA-4gj8-55p5-fm24",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:43Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Fyffe/PHP-Twitter-Clone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/twitter-clone-1-cross-site-request-forgery-via-tweetdel-php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GJX-J363-Q574
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Sanjeev Mohindra Awesome Shortcodes For Genesis allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Awesome Shortcodes For Genesis: from n/a through .8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T17:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Sanjeev Mohindra Awesome Shortcodes For Genesis allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Awesome Shortcodes For Genesis: from n/a through .8.",
"id": "GHSA-4gjx-j363-q574",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:28Z",
"published": "2024-11-19T18:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/awesome-shortcodes-for-genesis/vulnerability/wordpress-awesome-shortcodes-for-genesis-plugin-1-1-8-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/awesome-shortcodes-for-genesis/wordpress-awesome-shortcodes-for-genesis-plugin-1-1-8-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.