Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14195 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-985H-328P-M8G2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 15:30
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Thomas Belser Asgaros Forum.This issue affects Asgaros Forum: from n/a through 2.8.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32440"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-15T08:15:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Thomas Belser Asgaros Forum.This issue affects Asgaros Forum: from n/a through 2.8.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-985h-328p-m8g2",
  "modified": "2025-04-02T15:30:48Z",
  "published": "2024-04-15T09:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32440"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/asgaros-forum/wordpress-asgaros-forum-plugin-2-8-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-985X-4R2C-5QX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:01
VLAI
Details

The ARMember plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 4.0.5. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the arm_check_user_cap function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to perform multiple unauthorized actions via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3011"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T05:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The ARMember plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 4.0.5. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the arm_check_user_cap function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to perform multiple unauthorized actions via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-985x-4r2c-5qx3",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:01:22Z",
  "published": "2023-07-12T06:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2932691/armember-membership/trunk/autoload.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/42f5f29b-2d83-4b15-82aa-0598f8a2317b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9868-5R4G-MW87

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-30 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Offshore Web Master Availability Calendar allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Availability Calendar: from n/a through 1.2.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48744"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-30T13:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Offshore Web Master Availability Calendar allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Availability Calendar: from n/a through 1.2.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-9868-5r4g-mw87",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:12Z",
  "published": "2023-11-30T15:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48744"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/availability-calendar/wordpress-availability-calendar-plugin-1-2-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-988M-8H76-4F64

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:41
VLAI
Details

The js-jobs plugin before 1.0.7 for WordPress has CSRF.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-20974"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-16T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The js-jobs plugin before 1.0.7 for WordPress has CSRF.",
  "id": "GHSA-988m-8h76-4f64",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:41:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:53:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/js-jobs/#developers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98CJ-P4CP-MF8H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30
VLAI
Details

Telesquare SKT LTE Router SDT-CS3B1 version 1.2.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by exploiting missing request validation. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that perform administrative actions when visited by logged-in users, enabling command execution with router privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20221"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:17:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Telesquare SKT LTE Router SDT-CS3B1 version 1.2.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by exploiting missing request validation. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that perform administrative actions when visited by logged-in users, enabling command execution with router privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-98cj-p4cp-mf8h",
  "modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
  "published": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2017120299"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/136839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/145550"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43400"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/telesquare-skt-lte-router-sdt-cs3b1-csrf-system-command-execution"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2017-5443.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98CV-3GG8-J2JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Tribulant Software Newsletters allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects Newsletters: from n/a through 4.10.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T11:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Tribulant Software Newsletters allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects Newsletters: from n/a through 4.10.",
  "id": "GHSA-98cv-3gg8-j2jf",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:47Z",
  "published": "2025-07-16T12:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/newsletters-lite/vulnerability/wordpress-newsletters-plugin-4-10-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98FG-8HGC-2V9C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:01
VLAI
Details

The WooCommerce Etsy Integration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the etcpf_delete_feed() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete an export feed via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4409"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T04:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WooCommerce Etsy Integration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the etcpf_delete_feed() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete an export feed via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-98fg-8hgc-2v9c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:01:01Z",
  "published": "2023-07-12T06:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/25-wordpress-plugins-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/more-wordpress-plugins-and-themes-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2573194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/99489cc0-2e73-4d55-b95f-46d574897fac?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98FP-R22G-WPJ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 15:30 – Updated: 2023-06-14 20:28
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins CSRF protection bypass vulnerability
Details

Jenkins provides context menus for various UI elements, like links to jobs and builds, or breadcrumbs.

In Jenkins 2.399 and earlier, LTS 2.387.3 and earlier, POST requests are sent in order to load the list of context actions. If part of the URL includes insufficiently escaped user-provided values, a victim may be tricked into sending a POST request to an unexpected endpoint (e.g., the Script Console) by opening a context menu.

As of publication of this advisory, we are aware of insufficiently escaped context menu URLs for label expressions, allowing attackers with Item/Configure permissions to exploit this vulnerability.

Jenkins 2.400, LTS 2.401.1 sends GET requests to load the list of context actions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.400"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35141"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T20:28:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T13:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins provides context menus for various UI elements, like links to jobs and builds, or breadcrumbs.\n\nIn Jenkins 2.399 and earlier, LTS 2.387.3 and earlier, POST requests are sent in order to load the list of context actions. If part of the URL includes insufficiently escaped user-provided values, a victim may be tricked into sending a POST request to an unexpected endpoint (e.g., the Script Console) by opening a context menu.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, we are aware of insufficiently escaped context menu URLs for label expressions, allowing attackers with Item/Configure permissions to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nJenkins 2.400, LTS 2.401.1 sends GET requests to load the list of context actions.",
  "id": "GHSA-98fp-r22g-wpj7",
  "modified": "2023-06-14T20:28:01Z",
  "published": "2023-06-14T15:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/f37e157216b8e5e64a6db80b7b68bde0088277fe/2023/35xxx/CVE-2023-35141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-06-14/#SECURITY-3135"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/14/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins CSRF protection bypass vulnerability"
}

GHSA-98FP-R2G8-PGG9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-11 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:32
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in StoreApps Stock Manager for WooCommerce plugin <= 2.10.0 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T13:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in StoreApps Stock Manager for WooCommerce plugin \u003c=\u00a02.10.0 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-98fp-r2g8-pgg9",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:32:54Z",
  "published": "2023-07-11T15:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/woocommerce-stock-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-stock-manager-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-10-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-stock-manager/wordpress-stock-manager-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-10-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98FR-CG7H-F734

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:18
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Drag & Drop Gallery module 6.x for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-4478"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-11-30T22:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Drag \u0026 Drop Gallery module 6.x for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators.",
  "id": "GHSA-98fr-cg7h-f734",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:18:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:18:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://drupal.org/node/1679442"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/04/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.