Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14168 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C9CF-GX4R-55F7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 06:31
VLAI
Details

The Pagerank Tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5. This is due to missing nonce validation on the pr_save_settings() function and insufficient input sanitization. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious web scripts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link. The injected scripts will execute whenever a user accesses the plugin's settings page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12416"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T05:16:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Pagerank Tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5. This is due to missing nonce validation on the pr_save_settings() function and insufficient input sanitization. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious web scripts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link. The injected scripts will execute whenever a user accesses the plugin\u0027s settings page.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9cf-gx4r-55f7",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12416"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/pagerank-tools/tags/1.1.5/functions.inc.php#L176"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/pagerank-tools/tags/1.1.5/functions.inc.php#L192"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/177900d6-c52e-4ac4-a74d-412e453f9d05?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9FP-5G2H-59M2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-25 00:30 – Updated: 2023-12-25 00:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Uniway UW-302VP 2.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boaform/wlan_basic_set.cgi of the component Admin Web Interface. The manipulation of the argument wlanssid/password leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-248939. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7092"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-24T23:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Uniway UW-302VP 2.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boaform/wlan_basic_set.cgi of the component Admin Web Interface. The manipulation of the argument wlanssid/password leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-248939. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9fp-5g2h-59m2",
  "modified": "2023-12-25T00:30:17Z",
  "published": "2023-12-25T00:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7092"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/15Wr3EL4cpAS_H_Vp7TuIftssxAuzb4SL/view"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.248939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.248939"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9G5-FPH2-VP88

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-17 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in A WP Life Contact Form Widget allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Contact Form Widget: from n/a through 1.4.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-48037"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-17T13:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in A WP Life Contact Form Widget allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Contact Form Widget: from n/a through 1.4.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9g5-fph2-vp88",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:02Z",
  "published": "2024-10-17T15:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48037"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/new-contact-form-widget/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-widget-contact-query-contact-page-form-maker-query-table-plugin-1-4-2-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/new-contact-form-widget/wordpress-contact-form-widget-contact-query-contact-page-form-maker-query-table-plugin-1-4-2-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9G7-24F9-CGMR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-27 09:31
VLAI
Details

The Two-factor authentication (formerly IP Vault) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the ipv_save_changes function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin's firewall and two-factor authentication settings — including the operating mode, request include/exclude rules, authentication slug, and log retention period — potentially disabling protection entirely via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-8903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T07:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Two-factor authentication (formerly IP Vault) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the ipv_save_changes function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin\u0027s firewall and two-factor authentication settings \u2014 including the operating mode, request include/exclude rules, authentication slug, and log retention period \u2014 potentially disabling protection entirely via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9g7-24f9-cgmr",
  "modified": "2026-05-27T09:31:14Z",
  "published": "2026-05-27T09:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ip-vault-wp-firewall/trunk/includes/admin-settings.php#L129"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ip-vault-wp-firewall/trunk/includes/admin-settings.php#L14"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ip-vault-wp-firewall/trunk/ip-vault.php#L482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5a58f809-d051-4841-a1da-7bc1cf59e1a2?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9G7-6VJC-R2P5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:32 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:32
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in admin/index.php in 11in1 1.2.1 stable 12-31-2011 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add new topics via an addTopic action.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-0997"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-02-24T13:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in admin/index.php in 11in1 1.2.1 stable 12-31-2011 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add new topics via an addTopic action.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9g7-6vjc-r2p5",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:32:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:32:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.htbridge.ch/advisory/HTB23071"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C9HQ-5752-GR62

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:36 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:36
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in daveismyname simple-cms through 2014-03-11. admin/addpage.php does not require authentication for adding a page. This can also be exploited via CSRF.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15565"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-20T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in daveismyname simple-cms through 2014-03-11. admin/addpage.php does not require authentication for adding a page. This can also be exploited via CSRF.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9hq-5752-gr62",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:36:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:36:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15565"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/daveismyname/simple-cms/issues/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/daveismyname/simple-cms/issues/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9J6-6QP9-5J4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-22 21:30
VLAI
Details

idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/userGroup_deal.php?mudi=del

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40039"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T19:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/userGroup_deal.php?mudi=del",
  "id": "GHSA-c9j6-6qp9-5j4h",
  "modified": "2024-07-22T21:30:39Z",
  "published": "2024-07-09T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pangchunyuhack/cms/blob/main/62/csrf.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9JF-G47R-97Q7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:31
VLAI
Details

There is a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in Pandora FMS v765 in the network maps editing functionality. An attacker could modify a network map, including on purpose the name of an XSS payload. Once created, if a user with admin privileges clicks on the edited network maps, the XSS payload will be executed. The exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an atacker to steal the value of the admin user´s cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-43980"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-27T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in Pandora FMS v765 in the network maps editing functionality. An attacker could modify a network map, including on purpose the name of an XSS payload. Once created, if a user with admin privileges clicks on the edited network maps, the XSS payload will be executed. The exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an atacker to steal the value of the admin user\u00b4s cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9jf-g47r-97q7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:31:50Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T19:24:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Argonx21/CVE-2022-43980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pandorafms.com/en/security/common-vulnerabilities-and-exposures"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9Q3-7WJ8-34WX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:43 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:41
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Redback before 1.2.4, as used in Apache Archiva 1.0 through 1.0.3, 1.1 through 1.1.4, 1.2 through 1.2.2, and 1.3 through 1.3.1; and Apache Continuum 1.3.6, 1.4.0, and 1.1 through 1.2.3.1; allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that modify credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-3449"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-12-06T20:13:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Redback before 1.2.4, as used in Apache Archiva 1.0 through 1.0.3, 1.1 through 1.1.4, 1.2 through 1.2.2, and 1.3 through 1.3.1; and Apache Continuum 1.3.6, 1.4.0, and 1.1 through 1.2.3.1; allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that modify credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9q3-7wj8-34wx",
  "modified": "2025-04-11T03:41:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:43:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-3449"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archiva.apache.org/security.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://continuum.apache.org/security.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/MRM-1438"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/archiva-users/201011.mbox/ajax/%3CAANLkTimXejHAuXdoUKLN=GkNty1_XnRCbv0YA0T2cS_2%40mail.gmail.com%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/archiva-users/201011.mbox/ajax/%3CAANLkTimXejHAuXdoUKLN=GkNty1_XnRCbv0YA0T2cS_2@mail.gmail.com%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/continuum-users/201102.mbox/%3C032C189E-D821-4833-A8F2-F72365147695%40apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/continuum-users/201102.mbox/%3C032C189E-D821-4833-A8F2-F72365147695@apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Feb/238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/42376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43261"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/archiva/branches/archiva-1.3.x/archiva-modules/archiva-web/archiva-webapp/src/main/resources/struts.xml?r1=1038518\u0026r2=1038517\u0026pathrev=1038518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/archiva/branches/archiva-1.3.x/pom.xml?r1=1038518\u0026r2=1038517\u0026pathrev=1038518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1038518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1066010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/69520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/514937/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/516341/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/45095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1025066"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/3098"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0373"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C9QP-6556-JWWP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-16 18:30 – Updated: 2023-05-17 02:56
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins LDAP Plugin vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery
Details

Jenkins LDAP Plugin 673.v034ec70ec2b_b_ and earlier does not require POST requests for a form validation method, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.

This vulnerability allows attackers to connect to an attacker-specified LDAP server using attacker-specified credentials.

LDAP Plugin 676.vfa_64cf6b_b_002 requires POST requests for the affected form validation method.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:ldap"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "676.vfa"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32978"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-17T02:56:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-16T16:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins LDAP Plugin 673.v034ec70ec2b_b_ and earlier does not require POST requests for a form validation method, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to connect to an attacker-specified LDAP server using attacker-specified credentials.\n\nLDAP Plugin 676.vfa_64cf6b_b_002 requires POST requests for the affected form validation method.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9qp-6556-jwwp",
  "modified": "2023-05-17T02:56:57Z",
  "published": "2023-05-16T18:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32978"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/ldap-plugin/commit/fa64cf6bb002f1b60a45fcd308d45b5a1047e687"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-05-16/#SECURITY-3046"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins LDAP Plugin vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery"
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.