Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

9811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6V33-576M-W53W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:24 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:24
VLAI
Details

Use-after-free vulnerability in the mozVibrate implementation in the Vibrate library in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to the domDoc pointer.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-0755"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-01-13T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use-after-free vulnerability in the mozVibrate implementation in the Vibrate library in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to the domDoc pointer.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v33-576m-w53w",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:24:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:24:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=814027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00010.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2013/mfsa2013-18.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6V44-4W2G-HXP9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35
VLAI
Details

A locking inconsistency issue was discovered in the tty subsystem of the Linux kernel through 5.9.13. drivers/tty/tty_io.c and drivers/tty/tty_jobctrl.c may allow a read-after-free attack against TIOCGSID, aka CID-c8bcd9c5be24.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-29660"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416",
      "CWE-667"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-09T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A locking inconsistency issue was discovered in the tty subsystem of the Linux kernel through 5.9.13. drivers/tty/tty_io.c and drivers/tty/tty_jobctrl.c may allow a read-after-free attack against TIOCGSID, aka CID-c8bcd9c5be24.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v44-4w2g-hxp9",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:35:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c8bcd9c5be24fb9e6132e97da5a35e55a83e36b9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/02/msg00018.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00010.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BOB25SU6XUL4TNP7KB63WNZSYTIYFDPP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MZ7OAKAEFAXQRGBZK4LYUWINCD3D2XCL"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210122-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4843"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164950/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0082-1.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/12/10/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6V49-GF9M-36R2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 00:38 – Updated: 2026-05-29 12:31
VLAI
Details

Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9901"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T23:16:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-6v49-gf9m-36r2",
  "modified": "2026-05-29T12:31:24Z",
  "published": "2026-05-29T00:38:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0877304591.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/497737770"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6V4R-GV8G-8W3C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:13
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.1049. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Text Annotations. When setting the point attribute, the process does not properly validate the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5620.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-9958"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-17T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.1049. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Text Annotations. When setting the point attribute, the process does not properly validate the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5620.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v4r-gv8g-8w3c",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:13:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:13:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44941"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45269"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-18-342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160240/Foxit-Reader-9.0.1.1049-Arbitrary-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6V4X-GF5X-R6W5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ip_vti: fix potential slab-use-after-free in decode_session6

When ip_vti device is set to the qdisc of the sfb type, the cb field of the sent skb may be modified during enqueuing. Then, slab-use-after-free may occur when ip_vti device sends IPv6 packets. As commit f855691975bb ("xfrm6: Fix the nexthdr offset in _decode_session6.") showed, xfrm_decode_session was originally intended only for the receive path. IP6CB(skb)->nhoff is not set during transmission. Therefore, set the cb field in the skb to 0 before sending packets.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-53559"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-04T16:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nip_vti: fix potential slab-use-after-free in decode_session6\n\nWhen ip_vti device is set to the qdisc of the sfb type, the cb field\nof the sent skb may be modified during enqueuing. Then,\nslab-use-after-free may occur when ip_vti device sends IPv6 packets.\nAs commit f855691975bb (\"xfrm6: Fix the nexthdr offset in\n_decode_session6.\") showed, xfrm_decode_session was originally intended\nonly for the receive path. IP6CB(skb)-\u003enhoff is not set during\ntransmission. Therefore, set the cb field in the skb to 0 before\nsending packets.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v4x-gf5x-r6w5",
  "modified": "2026-02-12T18:30:18Z",
  "published": "2025-10-04T18:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53559"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b4d69539fdea138af2befe08893850c89248068"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b05bf5dc437f7891dd409a3eaf5058459391c7a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6018a266279b1a75143c7c0804dd08a5fc4c3e0b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78e397a43e1c47321a4679cc49a6c4530bf820b9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dfe23659f3677c08a60a0056cda2d91a79c15ca"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82fb41c5de243e7dfa90f32ca58e35adaff56c1d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d34c30442d5e53a33cde79ca163320dbe2432cbd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1e04cc2ef2c0c0866c19f5627149a76c2baae32"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6V7P-G79W-8964

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 21:42 – Updated: 2026-06-19 21:42
VLAI
Summary
MessagePack for Python: Out-of-bounds read / crash on Unpacker reuse after a caught error
Details

Impact

If the Unpacker is used repeatedly after an error occurs, the process may crash with a SEGV.

If the Unpacker is used repeatedly to unpack untrusted input from external sources, it may be vulnerable to a DoS attack.

Patches

v1.2.1

Workarounds

Users should create a new Unpacker instead of reusing the same Unpacker after an error occurs.

Applying the above patch can prevent SEGV, but reusing the Streaming Unpacker after it has encountered an error will not yield correct data. If an error occurs during Streaming Unpacking, the Stream and Streaming Unpacker should be discarded.

Therefore, this is not just a workaround but the correct solution. The above patch only prevents crashes from incorrect usage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.2.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "msgpack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T21:42:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nIf the Unpacker is used repeatedly after an error occurs, the process may crash with a SEGV.\n\nIf the Unpacker is used repeatedly to unpack untrusted input from external sources, it may be vulnerable to a DoS attack.\n\n### Patches\n\nv1.2.1\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers should create a new Unpacker instead of reusing the same Unpacker after an error occurs.\n\nApplying the above patch can prevent SEGV, but reusing the Streaming Unpacker after it has encountered an error will not yield correct data. If an error occurs during Streaming Unpacking, the Stream and Streaming Unpacker should be discarded.\n\nTherefore, this is not just a workaround but the correct solution. The above patch only prevents crashes from incorrect usage.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v7p-g79w-8964",
  "modified": "2026-06-19T21:42:55Z",
  "published": "2026-06-19T21:42:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python/security/advisories/GHSA-6v7p-g79w-8964"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python/commit/2c56ddb5d0025ed481d962c0f5d62d19dec7476d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python/releases/tag/v1.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MessagePack for Python: Out-of-bounds read / crash on Unpacker reuse after a caught error"
}

GHSA-6V8Q-F99W-979P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:19 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:19
VLAI
Details

The wwunpack function in libclamav/wwunpack.c in ClamAV 0.99.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted PE file with WWPack compression.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6420"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-07T03:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The wwunpack function in libclamav/wwunpack.c in ClamAV 0.99.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted PE file with WWPack compression.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v8q-f99w-979p",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:19:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:19:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vrtadmin/clamav-devel/commit/dfc00cd3301a42b571454b51a6102eecf58407bc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.clamav.net/show_bug.cgi?id=11798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/varsleak/varsleak-vul/blob/master/clamav-vul/use-after-free/clamav-use-after-free-pe.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201804-16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6V9W-GHV7-R4V7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20
VLAI
Details

In TimeCheck::TimeCheckThread::threadLoop of TimeCheck.cpp, there is a possible use-after-free due to a race condition. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-142142406

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-0199"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-11T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In TimeCheck::TimeCheckThread::threadLoop of TimeCheck.cpp, there is a possible use-after-free due to a race condition. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-142142406",
  "id": "GHSA-6v9w-ghv7-r4v7",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:20:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2020-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6VF6-7RVH-MJ29

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-27 00:00
VLAI
Details

Use After Free in GitHub repository gpac/gpac prior to 2.1-DEV.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2453"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-19T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use After Free in GitHub repository gpac/gpac prior to 2.1-DEV.",
  "id": "GHSA-6vf6-7rvh-mj29",
  "modified": "2022-07-27T00:00:39Z",
  "published": "2022-07-20T00:00:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2453"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/dc7de8d3d604426c7a6e628d90cb9fb88e7b4c2c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/c8c964de-046a-41b2-9ff5-e25cfdb36b5a"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6VF6-CHR8-RPF4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-27 00:00
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15395.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-46601"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-18T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15395.",
  "id": "GHSA-6vf6-chr8-rpf4",
  "modified": "2022-02-27T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-02-19T00:01:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46601"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bentley.com/en/common-vulnerability-exposure/BE-2021-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-188"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.