CWE-416
AllowedUse After Free
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
9981 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GQCV-8XH2-HQVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-07 18:31Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to corrupt kernel heap memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-07T08:15:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to corrupt kernel heap memory.",
"id": "GHSA-gqcv-8xh2-hqvg",
"modified": "2025-03-07T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.imaginationtech.com/gpu-driver-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQGM-XWG8-J6C6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:10 – Updated: 2025-11-25 18:32A use-after-free vulnerability can occur when form input elements, focus, and selections are manipulated by script content. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 52.6, Firefox ESR < 52.6, and Firefox < 58.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5098"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A use-after-free vulnerability can occur when form input elements, focus, and selections are manipulated by script content. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 52.6, Firefox ESR \u003c 52.6, and Firefox \u003c 58.",
"id": "GHSA-gqgm-xwg8-j6c6",
"modified": "2025-11-25T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:10:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1399400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/01/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/01/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3544-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2018-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2018-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2018-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040270"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQHP-5J32-XWMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-08 21:47 – Updated: 2021-11-29 18:26Node.js before 16.6.0, 14.17.4, and 12.22.4 is vulnerable to a use after free attack where an attacker might be able to exploit the memory corruption, to change process behavior.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Node.js before 16.6.0, 14.17.4, and 12.22.4 is vulnerable to a use after free attack where an attacker might be able to exploit the memory corruption, to change process behavior.",
"id": "GHSA-gqhp-5j32-xwmm",
"modified": "2021-11-29T18:26:13Z",
"published": "2021-10-08T21:47:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1238162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/aredridel/node-bin-gen"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/july-2021-security-releases-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211112-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Use After Free in node.js"
}
GHSA-GQJH-F545-VCX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2024-01-31 18:31Use after free in Guest View in Google Chrome prior to 114.0.5735.198 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-26T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in Guest View in Google Chrome prior to 114.0.5735.198 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-gqjh-f545-vcx3",
"modified": "2024-01-31T18:31:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-26T21:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_26.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1450397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KREKCQTJDVI2AEBG5ECZPSOQXIC2L5XL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UBAHED5YFJPRGSEKNZIYHZBGSVHGEHOH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5440"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQJX-6W9V-WR78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01An exploitable use-after-free vulnerability exists in the JavaScript engine of Foxit Software's Foxit PDF Reader version 9.1.5096. A specially crafted PDF document can trigger a previously freed object in memory to be reused, resulting in arbitrary code execution. An attacker needs to trick the user into opening the malicious file to trigger this vulnerability. If the browser plugin extension is enabled, visiting a malicious site can also trigger the vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-01T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An exploitable use-after-free vulnerability exists in the JavaScript engine of Foxit Software\u0027s Foxit PDF Reader version 9.1.5096. A specially crafted PDF document can trigger a previously freed object in memory to be reused, resulting in arbitrary code execution. An attacker needs to trick the user into opening the malicious file to trigger this vulnerability. If the browser plugin extension is enabled, visiting a malicious site can also trigger the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gqjx-6w9v-wr78",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041353"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQP6-8CCJ-768W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/iucv: fix use after free in iucv_sock_close()
iucv_sever_path() is called from process context and from bh context. iucv->path is used as indicator whether somebody else is taking care of severing the path (or it is already removed / never existed). This needs to be done with atomic compare and swap, otherwise there is a small window where iucv_sock_close() will try to work with a path that has already been severed and freed by iucv_callback_connrej() called by iucv_tasklet_fn().
Example: [452744.123844] Call Trace: [452744.123845] ([<0000001e87f03880>] 0x1e87f03880) [452744.123966] [<00000000d593001e>] iucv_path_sever+0x96/0x138 [452744.124330] [<000003ff801ddbca>] iucv_sever_path+0xc2/0xd0 [af_iucv] [452744.124336] [<000003ff801e01b6>] iucv_sock_close+0xa6/0x310 [af_iucv] [452744.124341] [<000003ff801e08cc>] iucv_sock_release+0x3c/0xd0 [af_iucv] [452744.124345] [<00000000d574794e>] __sock_release+0x5e/0xe8 [452744.124815] [<00000000d5747a0c>] sock_close+0x34/0x48 [452744.124820] [<00000000d5421642>] __fput+0xba/0x268 [452744.124826] [<00000000d51b382c>] task_work_run+0xbc/0xf0 [452744.124832] [<00000000d5145710>] do_notify_resume+0x88/0x90 [452744.124841] [<00000000d5978096>] system_call+0xe2/0x2c8 [452744.125319] Last Breaking-Event-Address: [452744.125321] [<00000000d5930018>] iucv_path_sever+0x90/0x138 [452744.125324] [452744.125325] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Note that bh_lock_sock() is not serializing the tasklet context against process context, because the check for sock_owned_by_user() and corresponding handling is missing.
Ideas for a future clean-up patch: A) Correct usage of bh_lock_sock() in tasklet context, as described in Re-enqueue, if needed. This may require adding return values to the tasklet functions and thus changes to all users of iucv.
B) Change iucv tasklet into worker and use only lock_sock() in af_iucv.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-17T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/iucv: fix use after free in iucv_sock_close()\n\niucv_sever_path() is called from process context and from bh context.\niucv-\u003epath is used as indicator whether somebody else is taking care of\nsevering the path (or it is already removed / never existed).\nThis needs to be done with atomic compare and swap, otherwise there is a\nsmall window where iucv_sock_close() will try to work with a path that has\nalready been severed and freed by iucv_callback_connrej() called by\niucv_tasklet_fn().\n\nExample:\n[452744.123844] Call Trace:\n[452744.123845] ([\u003c0000001e87f03880\u003e] 0x1e87f03880)\n[452744.123966] [\u003c00000000d593001e\u003e] iucv_path_sever+0x96/0x138\n[452744.124330] [\u003c000003ff801ddbca\u003e] iucv_sever_path+0xc2/0xd0 [af_iucv]\n[452744.124336] [\u003c000003ff801e01b6\u003e] iucv_sock_close+0xa6/0x310 [af_iucv]\n[452744.124341] [\u003c000003ff801e08cc\u003e] iucv_sock_release+0x3c/0xd0 [af_iucv]\n[452744.124345] [\u003c00000000d574794e\u003e] __sock_release+0x5e/0xe8\n[452744.124815] [\u003c00000000d5747a0c\u003e] sock_close+0x34/0x48\n[452744.124820] [\u003c00000000d5421642\u003e] __fput+0xba/0x268\n[452744.124826] [\u003c00000000d51b382c\u003e] task_work_run+0xbc/0xf0\n[452744.124832] [\u003c00000000d5145710\u003e] do_notify_resume+0x88/0x90\n[452744.124841] [\u003c00000000d5978096\u003e] system_call+0xe2/0x2c8\n[452744.125319] Last Breaking-Event-Address:\n[452744.125321] [\u003c00000000d5930018\u003e] iucv_path_sever+0x90/0x138\n[452744.125324]\n[452744.125325] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt\n\nNote that bh_lock_sock() is not serializing the tasklet context against\nprocess context, because the check for sock_owned_by_user() and\ncorresponding handling is missing.\n\nIdeas for a future clean-up patch:\nA) Correct usage of bh_lock_sock() in tasklet context, as described in\nRe-enqueue, if needed. This may require adding return values to the\ntasklet functions and thus changes to all users of iucv.\n\nB) Change iucv tasklet into worker and use only lock_sock() in af_iucv.",
"id": "GHSA-gqp6-8ccj-768w",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-08-17T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01437282fd3904810603f3dc98d2cac6b8b6fc84"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37652fbef9809411cea55ea5fa1a170e299efcd0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69620522c48ce8215e5eb55ffbab8cafee8f407d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84f40b46787ecb67c7ad08a5bb1376141fa10c01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b424c9e44111c5a76f41c6b741f8d4c4179d876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac758e1f663fe9bc64f6b47212a2aa18697524f5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c65f72eec60a34ace031426e04e9aff8e5f04895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f558120cd709682b739207b48cf7479fd9568431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQQ7-89CW-236X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-07 00:30Use after free in WebAudio in Google Chrome prior to 127.0.6533.99 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-06T21:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in WebAudio in Google Chrome prior to 127.0.6533.99 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-gqq7-89cw-236x",
"modified": "2024-08-07T00:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-08-06T21:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/08/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/354847246"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQR9-4FCC-C9JQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-18 18:30Use after free in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 120.0.6099.199 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0225"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-04T02:15:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 120.0.6099.199 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-gqr9-4fcc-c9jq",
"modified": "2025-06-18T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2024-01-04T03:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1506923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AYONA2XSNFMXLAW4IHLFI5UVV3QRNG5K"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/D6C2HN4T2S6GYNTAUXLH45LQZHK7QPHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-34"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQRR-V4V6-3QXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:53Adobe Animate versions 22.0.9 (and earlier) and 23.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29321"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-15T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Animate versions 22.0.9 (and earlier) and 23.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-gqrr-v4v6-3qxx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:53:04Z",
"published": "2023-06-15T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/animate/apsb23-36.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQV4-M36W-Q35F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:34 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:34This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.5096. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Link objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-6434.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-29T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.5096. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Link objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-6434.",
"id": "GHSA-gqv4-m36w-q35f",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:34:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:34:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-18-1104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Mitigation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.