CWE-494
AllowedDownload of Code Without Integrity Check
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
291 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HRV9-XX4C-JM2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-28 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-28 15:31iSTAR Ultra performs a firmware verification on boot, however the verification does not inspect certain portions of the firmware. These firmware parts may contain malicious code. Tested up to firmware 6.9.2, later firmwares are also possibly affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-28T15:15:26Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "iSTAR Ultra performs a firmware verification on boot, however the verification does not inspect certain portions of the firmware. These firmware parts may contain malicious code. Tested up to firmware 6.9.2, later firmwares are also possibly affected.",
"id": "GHSA-hrv9-xx4c-jm2g",
"modified": "2025-07-28T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-07-28T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/reidmefirst/vuln-disclosure/refs/heads/main/2025-03.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HVMW-5H37-J7F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-08 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-12 18:30Rapid7 Nexpose versions prior to 6.6.172 failed to reliably validate the authenticity of update contents. This failure could allow an attacker to provide a malicious update and alter the functionality of Rapid7 Nexpose. The attacker would need some pre-existing mechanism to provide a malicious update, either through a social engineering effort, privileged access to replace downloaded updates in transit, or by performing an Attacker-in-the-Middle attack on the update service itself.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-08T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Rapid7 Nexpose versions prior to 6.6.172 failed to reliably validate the authenticity of update contents. This failure could allow an attacker to provide a malicious update and alter the functionality of Rapid7 Nexpose. The attacker would need some pre-existing mechanism to provide a malicious update, either through a social engineering effort, privileged access to replace downloaded updates in transit, or by performing an Attacker-in-the-Middle attack on the update service itself.",
"id": "GHSA-hvmw-5h37-j7f5",
"modified": "2022-12-12T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2022-12-08T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.rapid7.com/release-notes/insightvm/20221207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.rapid7.com/release-notes/nexpose/20221207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/12/7/cve-2022-4261-rapid7-nexpose-update-validation-issue-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J24F-GW9V-X4VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:12 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:49An issue was discovered in WeeChat before 2.7.1 (0.4.0 to 2.7 are affected). A malformed message 352 (who) can cause a NULL pointer dereference in the callback function, resulting in a crash.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-476",
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WeeChat before 2.7.1 (0.4.0 to 2.7 are affected). A malformed message 352 (who) can cause a NULL pointer dereference in the callback function, resulting in a crash.",
"id": "GHSA-j24f-gw9v-x4vp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:49:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:12:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/weechat/weechat/commit/9904cb6d2eb40f679d8ff6557c22d53a3e3dc75a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.recurity-labs.com/2021-02-03/webOS_Pt1.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://weechat.org/doc/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCR5-FWVW-WM84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:24A download of code without Integrity check vulnerability [CWE-494] in FortiClientMac version 7.0.0 through 7.0.7, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions, 5.6 all versions, 5.4 all versions, 5.2 all versions, 5.0 all versions and 4.0 all versions may allow a local attacker to escalate their privileges via modifying the installer upon upgrade.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A download of code without Integrity check vulnerability [CWE-494] in FortiClientMac version 7.0.0 through 7.0.7, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions, 5.6 all versions, 5.4 all versions, 5.2 all versions, 5.0 all versions and 4.0 all versions may allow a local attacker to escalate their privileges via modifying the installer upon upgrade.",
"id": "GHSA-jcr5-fwvw-wm84",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:24:38Z",
"published": "2023-04-11T18:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-481"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JGG9-RW32-44PJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 20:15 – Updated: 2026-06-09 10:19Impact
Persistent local-pty code execution via imported bookmarks or compromised sync targets. Affects users who import bookmark JSON files or who have electerm sync configured (gist/WebDAV). The attacker can inject exec* fields or global config to cause remote code to run when a bookmark is opened or when sync is applied.
Patches
Not yet
Workarounds
- Do not import unsafe data
References
- Report / credit: https://github.com/Curly-Haired-Baboon
- Electerm releases: https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electerm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.8.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345",
"CWE-494",
"CWE-915",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-14T20:15:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T18:16:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n_Persistent local-pty code execution via imported bookmarks or compromised sync targets. Affects users who import bookmark JSON files or who have electerm sync configured (gist/WebDAV). The attacker can inject `exec*` fields or global config to cause remote code to run when a bookmark is opened or when sync is applied._\n\n### Patches\n\nNot yet\n\n### Workarounds\n- Do not import unsafe data\n\n### References\n- Report / credit: https://github.com/Curly-Haired-Baboon\n- Electerm releases: https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases",
"id": "GHSA-jgg9-rw32-44pj",
"modified": "2026-06-09T10:19:27Z",
"published": "2026-05-14T20:15:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/advisories/GHSA-jgg9-rw32-44pj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45058"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/electerm/electerm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Electerm: Importing unsafe bookmark data could lead to unsafe operation when clicking local type bookmark"
}
GHSA-JMFX-3636-425M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 21:31An issue was discovered in Foxit PDF and Editor for Windows and macOS before 13.2 and 2025 before 2025.2. An attacker able to alter or replace the static HTML files used by the StartPage feature can cause the application to load malicious or compromised content upon startup. This may result in information disclosure, unauthorized data access, or other security impacts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T16:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Foxit PDF and Editor for Windows and macOS before 13.2 and 2025 before 2025.2. An attacker able to alter or replace the static HTML files used by the StartPage feature can cause the application to load malicious or compromised content upon startup. This may result in information disclosure, unauthorized data access, or other security impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-jmfx-3636-425m",
"modified": "2025-12-11T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQV5-4R34-G3X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-14 15:32 – Updated: 2025-03-14 15:32The product can be used to distribute malicious code using SDD Device Drivers due to missing download verification checks, leading to code execution on target systems.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-14T13:15:40Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The product can be used to distribute malicious code using SDD Device Drivers due to missing download verification checks, leading to code execution on target systems.",
"id": "GHSA-jqv5-4r34-g3x7",
"modified": "2025-03-14T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2025-03-14T15:32:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.sick.com/media/docs/1/11/411/Special_information_CYBERSECURITY_BY_SICK_en_IM0084411.PDF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.security.telekom.com/2025/03/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-sick-dl100.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/sca-2025-0004.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/sca-2025-0004.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW3J-FR28-J7RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 09:30Denial of service (DoS) vulnerability in the office service. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66332"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T09:15:48Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Denial of service (DoS) vulnerability in the office service. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
"id": "GHSA-jw3j-fr28-j7rh",
"modified": "2025-12-08T09:30:19Z",
"published": "2025-12-08T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2025/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWF5-G3PM-HMWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:10In cPanel before 96.0.13, fix_cpanel_perl lacks verification of the integrity of downloads (SEC-587).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38588"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In cPanel before 96.0.13, fix_cpanel_perl lacks verification of the integrity of downloads (SEC-587).",
"id": "GHSA-jwf5-g3pm-hmwj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:10:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cpanel.net/changelogs/96-change-log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JWQM-C9F2-2CQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-04-15 16:19 – Updated: 2021-12-03 14:33Eclipse hawkBit versions prior to 0.3.0M2 resolved Maven build artifacts for the Vaadin based UI over HTTP instead of HTTPS. Any of these dependent artifacts could have been maliciously compromised by a MITM attack. Hence produced build artifacts of hawkBit might be infected.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-autoconfigure"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-starters"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-update-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-mgmt-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-mgmt-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-dmf-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-ddi-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319",
"CWE-494",
"CWE-829"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-03T14:33:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Eclipse hawkBit versions prior to 0.3.0M2 resolved Maven build artifacts for the Vaadin based UI over HTTP instead of HTTPS. Any of these dependent artifacts could have been maliciously compromised by a MITM attack. Hence produced build artifacts of hawkBit might be infected.",
"id": "GHSA-jwqm-c9f2-2cq3",
"modified": "2021-12-03T14:33:13Z",
"published": "2019-04-15T16:19:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10240"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jwqm-c9f2-2cq3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere , and Download of Code Without Integrity Check in Eclipse hawkBit "
}
Mitigation MIT-42
Perform proper forward and reverse DNS lookups to detect DNS spoofing.
Mitigation
- Encrypt the code with a reliable encryption scheme before transmitting.
- This will only be a partial solution, since it will not detect DNS spoofing and it will not prevent your code from being modified on the hosting site.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Speficially, it may be helpful to use tools or frameworks to perform integrity checking on the transmitted code.
- When providing the code that is to be downloaded, such as for automatic updates of the software, then use cryptographic signatures for the code and modify the download clients to verify the signatures. Ensure that the implementation does not contain CWE-295, CWE-320, CWE-347, and related weaknesses.
- Use code signing technologies such as Authenticode. See references [REF-454] [REF-455] [REF-456].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-184: Software Integrity Attack
An attacker initiates a series of events designed to cause a user, program, server, or device to perform actions which undermine the integrity of software code, device data structures, or device firmware, achieving the modification of the target's integrity to achieve an insecure state.
CAPEC-185: Malicious Software Download
An attacker uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code that originates from an attacker controlled source. There are several variations to this strategy of attack.
CAPEC-186: Malicious Software Update
An adversary uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code believed to be a valid update that originates from an adversary controlled source.
CAPEC-187: Malicious Automated Software Update via Redirection
An attacker exploits two layers of weaknesses in server or client software for automated update mechanisms to undermine the integrity of the target code-base. The first weakness involves a failure to properly authenticate a server as a source of update or patch content. This type of weakness typically results from authentication mechanisms which can be defeated, allowing a hostile server to satisfy the criteria that establish a trust relationship. The second weakness is a systemic failure to validate the identity and integrity of code downloaded from a remote location, hence the inability to distinguish malicious code from a legitimate update.
CAPEC-533: Malicious Manual Software Update
An attacker introduces malicious code to the victim's system by altering the payload of a software update, allowing for additional compromise or site disruption at the victim location. These manual, or user-assisted attacks, vary from requiring the user to download and run an executable, to as streamlined as tricking the user to click a URL. Attacks which aim at penetrating a specific network infrastructure often rely upon secondary attack methods to achieve the desired impact. Spamming, for example, is a common method employed as an secondary attack vector. Thus the attacker has in their arsenal a choice of initial attack vectors ranging from traditional SMTP/POP/IMAP spamming and its varieties, to web-application mechanisms which commonly implement both chat and rich HTML messaging within the user interface.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-657: Malicious Automated Software Update via Spoofing
An attackers uses identify or content spoofing to trick a client into performing an automated software update from a malicious source. A malicious automated software update that leverages spoofing can include content or identity spoofing as well as protocol spoofing. Content or identity spoofing attacks can trigger updates in software by embedding scripted mechanisms within a malicious web page, which masquerades as a legitimate update source. Scripting mechanisms communicate with software components and trigger updates from locations specified by the attackers' server. The result is the client believing there is a legitimate software update available but instead downloading a malicious update from the attacker.
CAPEC-662: Adversary in the Browser (AiTB)
An adversary exploits security vulnerabilities or inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to manipulate traffic between two endpoints.
CAPEC-691: Spoof Open-Source Software Metadata
An adversary spoofs open-source software metadata in an attempt to masquerade malicious software as popular, maintained, and trusted.
CAPEC-692: Spoof Version Control System Commit Metadata
An adversary spoofs metadata pertaining to a Version Control System (VCS) (e.g., Git) repository's commits to deceive users into believing that the maliciously provided software is frequently maintained and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-693: StarJacking
An adversary spoofs software popularity metadata to deceive users into believing that a maliciously provided package is widely used and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.