Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-497

Allowed

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly prevent sensitive system-level information from being accessed by unauthorized actors who do not have the same level of access to the underlying system as the product does.

669 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MMGG-M5J7-F83H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 21:22 – Updated: 2026-02-27 21:51
VLAI
Summary
n8n has Arbitrary File Read via Python Code Node Sandbox Escape
Details

Impact

An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could use the Python Code node to escape the sandbox. The sandbox did not sufficiently restrict access to certain built-in Python objects, allowing an attacker to exfiltrate file contents or achieve RCE.

On instances using internal Task Runners (default runner mode), this could result in full compromise of the n8n host. On instances using external Task Runners, the attacker might gain access to or impact other task executed on the Task Runner.

  • Task Runners must be enabled using N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true.

Patches

The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:

  • Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
  • Disable the Code node by adding n8n-nodes-base.code to the NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable.

These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "n8n"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.123.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "n8n"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "n8n"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27494"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T21:22:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T23:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\nAn authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could use the Python Code node to escape the sandbox. The sandbox did not sufficiently restrict access to certain built-in Python objects, allowing an attacker to exfiltrate file contents or achieve RCE.\n\nOn instances using internal Task Runners (default runner mode), this could result in full compromise of the n8n host. On instances using external Task Runners, the attacker might gain access to or impact other task executed on the Task Runner.\n\n- Task Runners must be enabled using `N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true`.\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Disable the Code node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.code` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmgg-m5j7-f83h",
  "modified": "2026-02-27T21:51:13Z",
  "published": "2026-02-25T21:22:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-mmgg-m5j7-f83h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27494"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "n8n has Arbitrary File Read via Python Code Node Sandbox Escape"
}

GHSA-MP3W-P427-6237

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-27 00:31
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Marcus (aka @msykes) WP FullCalendar wp-fullcalendar allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP FullCalendar: from n/a through <= 1.6.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24523"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T15:16:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Marcus (aka @msykes) WP FullCalendar wp-fullcalendar allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP FullCalendar: from n/a through \u003c= 1.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp3w-p427-6237",
  "modified": "2026-01-27T00:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-01-23T15:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-fullcalendar/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-fullcalendar-plugin-1-6-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQQ6-2252-927J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in POSIMYTH Nexter Blocks the-plus-addons-for-block-editor allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Nexter Blocks: from n/a through <= 4.6.3.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in POSIMYTH Nexter Blocks the-plus-addons-for-block-editor allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Nexter Blocks: from n/a through \u003c= 4.6.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqq6-2252-927j",
  "modified": "2026-01-26T21:30:34Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/the-plus-addons-for-block-editor/vulnerability/wordpress-nexter-blocks-plugin-4-6-3-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQQC-QQ8P-5W3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-12 06:30 – Updated: 2026-01-12 06:30
VLAI
Details

Certain NVR models developed by A-Plus Video Technologies has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access the debug page and obtain device status information.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0853"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-12T04:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Certain NVR models developed by A-Plus Video Technologies has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access the debug page and obtain device status information.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqqc-qq8p-5w3r",
  "modified": "2026-01-12T06:30:13Z",
  "published": "2026-01-12T06:30:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0853"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10621-55584-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10620-527f1-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQV4-XC9C-8Q9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-03 00:30 – Updated: 2025-08-03 00:30
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability  where an attacker may cause an exposure of sensitive system information with local unprivileged system access. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to Information disclosure.

Severity
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23288"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-02T22:15:45Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability \u00a0where an attacker may cause an exposure of sensitive system information with local unprivileged system access. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to Information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqv4-xc9c-8q9q",
  "modified": "2025-08-03T00:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-08-03T00:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23288"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5670"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQX7-R2MM-Q7PP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 03:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 03:31
VLAI
Details

SAP GUI for Windows stores user input on the client PC to improve usability. Under very specific circumstances an attacker with administrative privileges or access to the victim�s user directory on the Operating System level would be able to read this data. Depending on the user input provided in transactions, the disclosed data could range from non-critical data to highly sensitive data, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.

Severity
6.0 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0055"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T01:15:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP GUI for Windows stores user input on the client PC to improve usability. Under very specific circumstances an attacker with administrative privileges or access to the victim\ufffds user directory on the Operating System level would be able to read this data. Depending on the user input provided in transactions, the disclosed data could range from non-critical data to highly sensitive data, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqx7-r2mm-q7pp",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T03:31:41Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T03:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3472837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR5R-6XXX-6H84

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-10 15:32
VLAI
Details

Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW-50 R36_YDR_A3PW_GM7S_V1.0_2019_07_15_16.19.24_cob_h and Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW-60 R36CW_YDE_S4_A29_2_V1.0_2023.05.24_22.49.44_cob_b allow a malicious user to gain information about the device by sending an SMS to the device which returns sensitive information.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-36554"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T18:15:31Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW-50 R36_YDR_A3PW_GM7S_V1.0_2019_07_15_16.19.24_cob_h and Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW-60 R36CW_YDE_S4_A29_2_V1.0_2023.05.24_22.49.44_cob_b allow a malicious user to gain information about the device by sending an SMS to the device which returns sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr5r-6xxx-6h84",
  "modified": "2025-02-10T15:32:19Z",
  "published": "2025-02-06T18:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D\u0026c=1\u0026af=%5B%5D\u0026searchType=SIMPLE\u0026sortOrder2=title_sort_asc\u0026query=Exploiting+Vulnerabilities+to+Remotely+Hijack+Children%E2%80%99s+Smartwatches\u0026language=en\u0026pid=diva2%3A1933447\u0026aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D\u0026sf=undergraduate\u0026aqe=%5B%5D\u0026sortOrder=author_sort_asc\u0026onlyFullText=false\u0026noOfRows=50\u0026dswid=-8296"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MRM5-RXF8-GRCC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-02-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the /load-workflow endpoint of modelscope/agentscope version v0.0.4. This vulnerability allows an attacker to read arbitrary files from the server, including sensitive files such as API keys, by manipulating the filename parameter. The issue arises due to improper sanitization of user input passed to the os.path.join function, which can be exploited to access files outside the intended directory.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8550"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-10T19:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the /load-workflow endpoint of modelscope/agentscope version v0.0.4. This vulnerability allows an attacker to read arbitrary files from the server, including sensitive files such as API keys, by manipulating the filename parameter. The issue arises due to improper sanitization of user input passed to the os.path.join function, which can be exploited to access files outside the intended directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-mrm5-rxf8-grcc",
  "modified": "2025-02-10T21:31:39Z",
  "published": "2025-02-10T21:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8550"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/7cd8f519-7c75-4936-889d-a17ea1bcb3ea"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MVWR-M5XG-5W4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Marcelo Torres Download Media Library allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Download Media Library: from n/a through 0.2.1.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62114"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T16:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Marcelo Torres Download Media Library allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Download Media Library: from n/a through 0.2.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-mvwr-m5xg-5w4h",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:28Z",
  "published": "2025-12-31T18:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/download-media-library/vulnerability/wordpress-download-media-library-plugin-0-2-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/download-media-library/vulnerability/wordpress-download-media-library-plugin-0-2-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MW6G-JFC3-6X9V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-17 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:42
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere in create template function in EasyUse MailHunter Ultimate 2023 and earlier allow remote authenticated users to obtain the absolute path via unencrypted VIEWSTATE parameter.

Severity
5.0 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-17T05:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere in create template function in EasyUse MailHunter Ultimate 2023 and earlier allow remote authenticated users to obtain the absolute path via unencrypted VIEWSTATE parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-mw6g-jfc3-6x9v",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:42:33Z",
  "published": "2023-10-17T06:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zuso.ai/Advisory/ZA-2023-06"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs

CAPEC-170: Web Application Fingerprinting

An attacker sends a series of probes to a web application in order to elicit version-dependent and type-dependent behavior that assists in identifying the target. An attacker could learn information such as software versions, error pages, and response headers, variations in implementations of the HTTP protocol, directory structures, and other similar information about the targeted service. This information can then be used by an attacker to formulate a targeted attack plan. While web application fingerprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.

CAPEC-694: System Location Discovery

An adversary collects information about the target system in an attempt to identify the system's geographical location.

Information gathered could include keyboard layout, system language, and timezone. This information may benefit an adversary in confirming the desired target and/or tailoring further attacks.

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