Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-502

Allowed

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

4835 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-G76J-9R88-7QVG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in uxper Nuss allows Object Injection. This issue affects Nuss: from n/a through 1.3.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52827"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-27T12:15:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in uxper Nuss allows Object Injection. This issue affects Nuss: from n/a through 1.3.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-g76j-9r88-7qvg",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:36Z",
  "published": "2025-06-27T12:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52827"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/nuss/vulnerability/wordpress-nuss-1-3-3-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G77V-M226-3F7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2024-04-25 21:22
VLAI
Summary
Froxlor PHP Object Injection vulnerability
Details

Froxlor version <= 0.9.39.5 contains a PHP Object Injection vulnerability in Domain name form that can result in Possible information disclosure and remote code execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via Passing malicious PHP objection in $_POST['ssl_ipandport']. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit c1e62e6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "froxlor/froxlor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.9.40"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000527"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T21:22:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-26T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Froxlor version \u003c= 0.9.39.5 contains a PHP Object Injection vulnerability in Domain name form that can result in Possible information disclosure and remote code execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via Passing malicious PHP objection in $_POST[\u0027ssl_ipandport\u0027]. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit c1e62e6.",
  "id": "GHSA-g77v-m226-3f7g",
  "modified": "2024-04-25T21:22:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:18:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000527"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Froxlor/Froxlor/issues/555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Froxlor/Froxlor/commit/c1e62e6be719affc003774a639de5c952ffd8ffc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://0dd.zone/2018/05/31/Froxlor-Object-Injection"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Froxlor/Froxlor"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Froxlor PHP Object Injection vulnerability"
}

GHSA-G7C7-4H8W-P4X9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-18 03:30 – Updated: 2024-12-05 21:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability of serialization/deserialization mismatch in the vibration framework.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-52357"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-18T03:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability of serialization/deserialization mismatch in the vibration framework.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-g7c7-4h8w-p4x9",
  "modified": "2024-12-05T21:31:51Z",
  "published": "2024-02-18T03:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52357"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202402-0000001834855405"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G7JW-7782-JJV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:47 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:47
VLAI
Details

The EjbObjectInputStream class in Apache TomEE before 1.7.4 and 7.x before 7.0.0-M3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-0779"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-11T16:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The EjbObjectInputStream class in Apache TomEE before 1.7.4 and 7.x before 7.0.0-M3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object.",
  "id": "GHSA-g7jw-7782-jjv9",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:47:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:47:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0779"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136256/Apache-TomEE-Patched.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tomee-openejb.979440.n4.nabble.com/Document-resolved-vulnerability-CVE-2015-8581-td4678073.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tomee.apache.org/security/tomee.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537806/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-15-638"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G7VR-24C6-J32G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-11 21:31
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58281"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T21:16:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-g7vr-24c6-j32g",
  "modified": "2026-07-11T21:31:05Z",
  "published": "2026-07-11T21:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58281"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58281"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G82F-9PW7-773W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-10 09:31
VLAI
Details

Concrete CMS below 9.5.2 is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection via unserialize() calls in the  in Permission, Cache, and Search components. An unauthenticated attacker may trigger arbitrary PHP object instantiation if a malicious serialized payload has been placed in the database. Thanks XananasX7 for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-10721"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T08:16:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Concrete CMS below 9.5.2 is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection via\u00a0unserialize()\u00a0calls in the\u00a0\u00a0in Permission, Cache, and Search\u00a0components. An unauthenticated attacker may trigger arbitrary PHP object instantiation if a malicious serialized payload has been placed in the database. Thanks XananasX7 for\u00a0reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-g82f-9pw7-773w",
  "modified": "2026-06-10T09:31:57Z",
  "published": "2026-06-10T09:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/9-x/developers/introduction/version-history/952-release-notes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G82G-J283-HJ97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-27 22:25
VLAI
Summary
imgaug contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability in BackgroundAugmenter class within multicore.py module
Details

The imgaug library thru 0.4.0 contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability in its BackgroundAugmenter class within the multicore.py module. The class uses Python's pickle module to deserialize data received via a multiprocessing queue in the _augment_images_worker() method without any safety checks. An attacker who can influence the data placed into this queue (e.g., through social engineering, malicious input scripts, or a compromised shared queue) can provide a malicious pickle payload. When deserialized, this payload can execute arbitrary code in the context of the worker process, leading to remote or local code execution depending on the deployment scenario.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "imgaug"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31235"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-27T22:25:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:16:51Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The imgaug library thru 0.4.0 contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability in its BackgroundAugmenter class within the multicore.py module. The class uses Python\u0027s pickle module to deserialize data received via a multiprocessing queue in the _augment_images_worker() method without any safety checks. An attacker who can influence the data placed into this queue (e.g., through social engineering, malicious input scripts, or a compromised shared queue) can provide a malicious pickle payload. When deserialized, this payload can execute arbitrary code in the context of the worker process, leading to remote or local code execution depending on the deployment scenario.",
  "id": "GHSA-g82g-j283-hj97",
  "modified": "2026-05-27T22:25:43Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31235"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/aleju/imgaug"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31235-35d1e139318881efb701d814228424a9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "imgaug contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability in BackgroundAugmenter class within multicore.py module"
}

GHSA-G86R-3X4W-VJ28

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-26 18:31
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Edge-Themes Kamperen kamperen allows Object Injection.This issue affects Kamperen: from n/a through < 1.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32510"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:17:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Edge-Themes Kamperen kamperen allows Object Injection.This issue affects Kamperen: from n/a through \u003c 1.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-g86r-3x4w-vj28",
  "modified": "2026-03-26T18:31:36Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T18:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32510"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/kamperen/vulnerability/wordpress-kamperen-theme-1-3-arbitrary-object-instantiation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G8C6-8FJJ-2R4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 12:55 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:15
VLAI
Summary
python-socketio vulnerable to arbitrary Python code execution (RCE) through malicious pickle deserialization in certain multi-server deployments
Details

Summary

A remote code execution vulnerability in python-socketio versions prior to 5.14.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary Python code through malicious pickle deserialization in multi-server deployments on which the attacker previously gained access to the message queue that the servers use for internal communications.

Details

When Socket.IO servers are configured to use a message queue backend such as Redis for inter-server communication, messages sent between the servers are encoded using the pickle Python module. When a server receives one of these messages through the message queue, it assumes it is trusted and immediately deserializes it.

The vulnerability stems from deserialization of messages using Python's pickle.loads() function. Having previously obtained access to the message queue, the attacker can send a python-socketio server a crafted pickle payload that executes arbitrary code during deserialization via Python's __reduce__ method.

Impact

This vulnerability only affects deployments with a compromised message queue. The attack can lead to the attacker executing random code in the context of, and with the privileges of a Socket.IO server process.

Single-server systems that do not use a message queue, and multi-server systems with a secure message queue are not vulnerable.

Remediation

In addition to making sure standard security practices are followed in the deployment of the message queue, users of the python-socketio package can upgrade to version 5.14.0 or newer, which remove the pickle module and use the much safer JSON encoding for inter-server messaging.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "python-socketio"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61765"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-07T12:55:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-06T16:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA remote code execution vulnerability in python-socketio versions prior to 5.14.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary Python code through malicious pickle deserialization in multi-server deployments on which the attacker previously gained access to the message queue that the servers use for internal communications.\n\n### Details\nWhen Socket.IO servers are configured to use a message queue backend such as Redis for inter-server communication, messages sent between the servers are encoded using the `pickle` Python module. When a server receives one of these messages through the message queue, it assumes it is trusted and immediately deserializes it.\n\nThe vulnerability stems from deserialization of messages using Python\u0027s `pickle.loads()` function. Having previously obtained access to the message queue, the attacker can send a python-socketio server a crafted pickle payload that executes arbitrary code during deserialization via Python\u0027s `__reduce__` method.\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability only affects deployments with a compromised message queue. The attack can lead to the attacker executing random code in the context of, and with the privileges of a Socket.IO server process. \n\nSingle-server systems that do not use a message queue, and multi-server systems with a secure message queue are not vulnerable.\n\n### Remediation\nIn addition to making sure standard security practices are followed in the deployment of the message queue, users of the python-socketio package can upgrade to version 5.14.0 or newer, which remove the `pickle` module and use the much safer JSON encoding for inter-server messaging.",
  "id": "GHSA-g8c6-8fjj-2r4m",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T17:15:11Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T12:55:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/python-socketio/security/advisories/GHSA-g8c6-8fjj-2r4m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/python-socketio/commit/53f6be094257ed81476b0e212c8cddd6d06ca39a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/python-socketio"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bluerock.io/post/cve-2025-61765-bluerock-discovers-critical-rce-in-socket-io-ecosystem"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "python-socketio vulnerable to arbitrary Python code execution (RCE) through malicious pickle deserialization in certain multi-server deployments"
}

GHSA-G8RH-3XGW-R723

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:17 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:17
VLAI
Details

Adobe ColdFusion has an Untrusted Data Deserialization vulnerability. This affects Update 4 and earlier versions for ColdFusion 2016, and Update 12 and earlier versions for ColdFusion 11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-11283"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-01T08:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Adobe ColdFusion has an Untrusted Data Deserialization vulnerability. This affects Update 4 and earlier versions for ColdFusion 2016, and Update 12 and earlier versions for ColdFusion 11.",
  "id": "GHSA-g8rh-3xgw-r723",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:17:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:17:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11283"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb17-30.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100708"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039321"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation
  • Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
  • An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-586: Object Injection

An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.