CWE-668

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23690"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of AOS-CX could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to fingerprint the exact version AOS-CX running on the switch. This allows an attacker to retrieve information which could be used to more precisely target the switch for further exploitation in ArubaOS-CX Switches version(s): AOS-CX 10.10.xxxx: 10.10.0002 and below, AOS-CX 10.09.xxxx: 10.09.1020 and below, AOS-CX 10.08.xxxx: 10.08.1060 and below, AOS-CX 10.06.xxxx: 10.06.0200 and below. Aruba has released upgrades for ArubaOS-CX Switch Devices that address this security vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-7578-vf2v-f2rq",
  "modified": "2022-09-13T00:00:40Z",
  "published": "2022-09-07T00:01:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2022-012.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43216"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Local Security Authority Server (lsasrv) Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-7595-h4q6-xm39",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T00:00:48Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T00:02:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-43216"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39864"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-07T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control vulnerability in WifiSetupLaunchHelper in SmartThings prior to version 1.7.89.25 allows attackers to access sensitive information via implicit intent.",
  "id": "GHSA-75gv-hvw9-rj3c",
  "modified": "2022-10-12T12:00:21Z",
  "published": "2022-10-07T18:15:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2703"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-359",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T20:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Finex Media Competition Management System allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data, Collect Data as Provided by Users.This issue affects Competition Management System: before 23.07.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-75ph-hrv9-h6f8",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:19:16Z",
  "published": "2023-05-23T21:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2703"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0283"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22442"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-03T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\"IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow an authenticated user to access information restricted to users with elevated privileges due to improper access controls. IBM X-Force ID: 224427.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-75xq-8h5m-hrpv",
  "modified": "2022-11-04T19:01:16Z",
  "published": "2022-11-04T12:00:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22442"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6829325"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.5.114"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonaiagents"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.115"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56078"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T19:21:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nThe `MultiAgentLedger` and `MultiAgentMonitor` components in the provided code exhibit vulnerabilities that can lead to context leakage and arbitrary file operations. Specifically:\n1. **Memory State Leakage via Agent ID Collision**: The `MultiAgentLedger` uses a dictionary to store ledgers by agent ID without enforcing uniqueness. This allows agents with the same ID to share ledger instances, leading to potential leakage of sensitive context data.\n2. **Path Traversal in MultiAgentMonitor**: The `MultiAgentMonitor` constructs file paths by concatenating the `base_path` and agent ID without sanitization. This allows an attacker to escape the intended directory using path traversal sequences (e.g., `../`), potentially leading to arbitrary file read/write.\n\n## Details\n### Vulnerability 1: Memory State Leakage\n- **File**: `examples/context/12_multi_agent_context.py:68`\n- **Description**: The `MultiAgentLedger` class uses a dictionary (`self.ledgers`) to store ledger instances keyed by agent ID. The `get_agent_ledger` method creates a new ledger only if the agent ID is not present. If two agents are registered with the same ID, they will share the same ledger instance. This violates the isolation policy and can lead to leakage of sensitive context data (system prompts, conversation history) between agents.\n- **Exploitability**: An attacker can register an agent with the same ID as a victim agent to gain access to their ledger. This is particularly dangerous in multi-tenant systems where agents may handle sensitive user data.\n\n### Vulnerability 2: Path Traversal\n- **File**: `examples/context/12_multi_agent_context.py:106`\n- **Description**: The `MultiAgentMonitor` class constructs file paths for agent monitors by directly concatenating the `base_path` and agent ID. Since the agent ID is not sanitized, an attacker can provide an ID containing path traversal sequences (e.g., `../../malicious`). This can result in files being created or read outside the intended directory (`base_path`).\n- **Exploitability**: An attacker can create an agent with a malicious ID (e.g., `../../etc/passwd`) to write or read arbitrary files on the system, potentially leading to information disclosure or file corruption.\n\n## PoC\n### Memory State Leakage\n```python\nmulti_ledger = MultiAgentLedger()\n\n# Victim agent (user1) registers and tracks sensitive data\nvictim_ledger = multi_ledger.get_agent_ledger(\u0027user1_agent\u0027)\nvictim_ledger.track_system_prompt(\"Sensitive system prompt\")\nvictim_ledger.track_history([{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Secret data\"}])\n\n# Attacker registers with the same ID\nattacker_ledger = multi_ledger.get_agent_ledger(\u0027user1_agent\u0027)\n\n# Attacker now has access to victim\u0027s ledger\nprint(attacker_ledger.get_ledger().system_prompt)  # Outputs: \"Sensitive system prompt\"\nprint(attacker_ledger.get_ledger().history)        # Outputs: [{\u0027role\u0027: \u0027user\u0027, \u0027content\u0027: \u0027Secret data\u0027}]\n```\n\n### Path Traversal\n```python\nwith tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:\n    multi_monitor = MultiAgentMonitor(base_path=tmpdir)\n    \n    # Create agent with malicious ID\n    malicious_id = \u0027../../malicious\u0027\n    monitor = multi_monitor.get_agent_monitor(malicious_id)\n    \n    # The monitor file is created outside the intended base_path\n    # Example: if tmpdir is \u0027/tmp/safe_dir\u0027, the actual path might be \u0027/tmp/malicious\u0027\n    print(monitor.path)  # Outputs: \u0027/tmp/malicious\u0027 (or equivalent)\n```\n\n## Impact\n- **Memory State Leakage**: This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive agent context, including system prompts and conversation history. In a multi-tenant system, this could result in cross-user data leakage.\n- **Path Traversal**: An attacker can read or write arbitrary files on the system, potentially leading to information disclosure, denial of service (by overwriting critical files), or remote code execution (if executable files are overwritten).\n\n## Recommended Fix\n### For Memory State Leakage\n- Enforce unique agent IDs at the application level. If the application expects unique IDs, add a check during agent registration to prevent duplicates.\n- Alternatively, modify the `MultiAgentLedger` to throw an exception if an existing agent ID is reused (unless explicitly allowed).\n\n### For Path Traversal\n- Sanitize agent IDs before using them in file paths. Replace any non-alphanumeric characters (except safe ones like underscores) or remove path traversal sequences.\n- Use `os.path.join` and `os.path.realpath` to resolve paths, then check that the resolved path starts with the intended base directory.\n\nExample fix for `MultiAgentMonitor`:\n```python\nimport os\n\ndef get_agent_monitor(self, agent_id: str):\n    # Sanitize agent_id to remove path traversal\n    safe_id = os.path.basename(agent_id.replace(\u0027../\u0027, \u0027\u0027).replace(\u0027..\\\\\u0027, \u0027\u0027))\n    # Alternatively, use a strict allow-list of characters\n    \n    # Construct path and ensure it\u0027s within base_path\n    agent_path = os.path.join(self.base_path, safe_id)\n    real_path = os.path.realpath(agent_path)\n    real_base = os.path.realpath(self.base_path)\n    \n    if not real_path.startswith(real_base):\n        raise ValueError(f\"Invalid agent ID: {agent_id}\")\n    \n    ...\n```\nAdditionally, consider using a dedicated function for sanitizing filenames.",
  "id": "GHSA-766v-q9x3-g744",
  "modified": "2026-06-19T21:33:34Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T19:21:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-766v-q9x3-g744"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56078"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-arbitrary-file-read-and-write-via-path-traversal-in-multiagentmonitor"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI has Memory State Leakage and Path Traversal in MultiAgent Context Handling"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-5787"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-07-15T16:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "General Electric (GE) Digital Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY before 8.2 SIM 27 mishandles service DACLs, which allows local users to modify a service configuration via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-76q4-6gm8-m28c",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:03:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5787"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ge-ip.force.com/communities/en_US/Article/GE-Digital-Security-Advisory-GED-16-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-194-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91727"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41989"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Qlik QlikView through 12.60.20100.0 creates a Temporary File in a Directory with Insecure Permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-76r9-q8j4-x44w",
  "modified": "2023-02-01T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-01-26T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mandiant/Vulnerability-Disclosures/blob/master/2023/MNDT-2023-0001.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31548"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-22T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the AbuseFilter extension for MediaWiki through 1.35.2. A MediaWiki user who is partially blocked or was unsuccessfully blocked could bypass AbuseFilter and have their edits completed.",
  "id": "GHSA-773v-8w82-h42v",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:48:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/Ifac795125927d584a31d95e1b4c4241eef860fa1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272333"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11785"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-668",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-22T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in mail module (followers) in Odoo Community 13.0 and earlier and Odoo Enterprise 13.0 and earlier, allows remote authenticated users to obtain access to messages posted on business records there were not given access to, and subscribe to receive future messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-77f7-r2cc-pcqm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:37:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/odoo/odoo/issues/63710"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}