CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
979 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C9C2-WCXH-3W5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-23 21:31In Jenkins Email Extension Plugin 2.93 and earlier, templates defined inside a folder were not subject to Script Security protection, allowing attackers able to define email templates in folders to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.93"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.94"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25765"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-15T18:29:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Jenkins Email Extension Plugin 2.93 and earlier, templates defined inside a folder were not subject to Script Security protection, allowing attackers able to define email templates in folders to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.",
"id": "GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j",
"modified": "2023-02-23T21:31:10Z",
"published": "2023-02-15T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/email-ext-plugin/commit/ffe44a4c1c1830325787d7ef5e9e19ebf9a936f9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/email-ext-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-02-15/#SECURITY-2939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/02/15/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sandbox escape in Jenkins Email Extension Plugin"
}
GHSA-C9FX-36X8-JR74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-13 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-11 18:30A flaw was found in the tracker-miners package. A weakness in the sandbox allows a maliciously-crafted file to execute code outside the sandbox if the tracker-extract process has first been compromised by a separate vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-13T02:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the tracker-miners package. A weakness in the sandbox allows a maliciously-crafted file to execute code outside the sandbox if the tracker-extract process has first been compromised by a separate vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-c9fx-36x8-jr74",
"modified": "2023-12-11T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-10-13T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7732"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-5557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2243096"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C9X8-XP9P-G29G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:30Improper handling of physical conditions in the bike-shutdown control of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows a physical attacker with access to the Wireless Control Module (WCM) wiring harness to bypass the anti-theft shutdown. The WCM signals shutdown to a peer ECU via a falling-edge voltage transition on a dedicated wire pair. The receiving ECU does not distinguish between an active shutdown pulse and an open-circuit / disconnected condition; interrupting the relevant wires leaves the motorcycle fully operable even though the WCM never validated the rider's PIN. Specific connector details have been withheld pending vendor remediation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T14:16:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper handling of physical conditions in the bike-shutdown control of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows a physical attacker with access to the Wireless Control Module (WCM) wiring harness to bypass the anti-theft shutdown. The WCM signals shutdown to a peer ECU via a falling-edge voltage transition on a dedicated wire pair. The receiving ECU does not distinguish between an active shutdown pulse and an open-circuit / disconnected condition; interrupting the relevant wires leaves the motorcycle fully operable even though the WCM never validated the rider\u0027s PIN. Specific connector details have been withheld pending vendor remediation.",
"id": "GHSA-c9x8-xp9p-g29g",
"modified": "2026-05-29T15:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1384.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C9XC-4327-HW8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 00:32 – Updated: 2026-04-13 21:30Policy bypass in IFrameSandbox in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T22:16:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Policy bypass in IFrameSandbox in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-c9xc-4327-hw8j",
"modified": "2026-04-13T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T00:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/483771899"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC87-35FP-2JP7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-14 21:31 – Updated: 2023-11-14 21:31Protection mechanism failure in some Intel(R) oneAPI HPC Toolkit 2023.1 and Intel(R)MPI Library software before version 2021.9 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via adjacent access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-14T19:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in some Intel(R) oneAPI HPC Toolkit 2023.1 and Intel(R)MPI Library software before version 2021.9 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via adjacent access.",
"id": "GHSA-cc87-35fp-2jp7",
"modified": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00841.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC94-45Q3-H8PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-14 21:31 – Updated: 2023-11-14 21:31Protection mechanism failure in some Intel DCM software before version 5.2 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-14T19:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in some Intel DCM software before version 5.2 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-cc94-45q3-h8pp",
"modified": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00902.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCHP-3RQ6-69WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-21 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-24 21:45An issue was discovered in the events2 (aka Events 2) extension before 8.3.8 and 9.x before 9.0.6 for TYPO3. Missing access checks in the management plugin lead to an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability with the potential to activate or delete various events for unauthenticated users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "jweiland/events2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "jweiland/events2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38874"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-21T15:07:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-21T07:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the events2 (aka Events 2) extension before 8.3.8 and 9.x before 9.0.6 for TYPO3. Missing access checks in the management plugin lead to an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability with the potential to activate or delete various events for unauthenticated users.",
"id": "GHSA-cchp-3rq6-69wj",
"modified": "2025-03-24T21:45:07Z",
"published": "2024-06-21T09:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/jweiland/events2/CVE-2024-38874.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jweiland-net/events2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2024-003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "events2 TYPO3 extension insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability"
}
GHSA-CCR8-4XR7-CGJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:29 – Updated: 2023-10-27 11:26Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.
In Script Security Plugin 1.75 and 1.66.5, any calls from outside a sandboxed script to code defined inside a sandboxed script were always allowed. As sandboxed scripts can communicate their results through script return values and similar mechanisms, this could result in code defined inside of a sandboxed script to be called without sandbox protection.
This vulnerability allows attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.
Script Security Plugin 1.75 and 1.66.5 will prevent code defined inside a sandbox from being invoked outside a sandboxed script.
In rare cases, invocations of sandboxed scripts may begin failing if the script return value or script binding include code defined in the sandbox and is further processed by the calling code. To resolve this issue, the affected values need to be converted inside the sandboxed script to a known safe type, such as String.
For compatibility with this change, the following plugins should be upgraded to the versions specified: - Email Extension Plugin should be updated to version 2.77 or newer. - Warnings Next Generation Plugin should be updated to version 8.4.3 or newer. - Warnings Plugin should be updated to version 5.0.2 or newer.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:script-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.67"
},
{
"fixed": "1.75"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:script-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.66.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-2279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-23T23:19:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-23T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.\n\nIn Script Security Plugin 1.75 and 1.66.5, any calls from outside a sandboxed script to code defined inside a sandboxed script were always allowed. As sandboxed scripts can communicate their results through script return values and similar mechanisms, this could result in code defined inside of a sandboxed script to be called without sandbox protection.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.\n\nScript Security Plugin 1.75 and 1.66.5 will prevent code defined inside a sandbox from being invoked outside a sandboxed script.\n\nIn rare cases, invocations of sandboxed scripts may begin failing if the script return value or script binding include code defined in the sandbox and is further processed by the calling code. To resolve this issue, the affected values need to be converted inside the sandboxed script to a known safe type, such as `String`.\n\nFor compatibility with this change, the following plugins should be upgraded to the versions specified:\n- [Email Extension Plugin](https://plugins.jenkins.io/email-ext) should be updated to version 2.77 or newer.\n- [Warnings Next Generation Plugin](https://plugins.jenkins.io/warnings-ng) should be updated to version 8.4.3 or newer.\n- [Warnings Plugin](https://plugins.jenkins.io/warnings) should be updated to version 5.0.2 or newer.",
"id": "GHSA-ccr8-4xr7-cgj3",
"modified": "2023-10-27T11:26:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:29:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/script-security-plugin/commit/79d1e9207c5c359ca779b92f0a290e18c5e2387b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/16860a328d970faa6e4350b0fa446f64a52e52ca/2020/2xxx/CVE-2020-2279.json"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/script-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-09-23/#SECURITY-2020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/09/23/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sandbox bypass vulnerability in Jenkins Script Security Plugin"
}
GHSA-CCWC-7PW8-R82C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Page Restriction WordPress (WP) – Protect WP Pages/Post plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to information disclosure in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.4. This is due to the plugin not properly restricting access to pages via the REST API when a page has been made private. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view protected pages. The vendor has decided that they will not implement REST API protection on posts and pages and the restrictions will only apply to the front-end of the site. The vendors solution was to add notices throughout the dashboard and recommends installing the WordPress REST API Authentication plugin for REST API coverage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-13T16:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Page Restriction WordPress (WP) \u2013 Protect WP Pages/Post plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to information disclosure in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.4. This is due to the plugin not properly restricting access to pages via the REST API when a page has been made private. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view protected pages. The vendor has decided that they will not implement REST API protection on posts and pages and the restrictions will only apply to the front-end of the site. The vendors solution was to add notices throughout the dashboard and recommends installing the WordPress REST API Authentication plugin for REST API coverage.",
"id": "GHSA-ccwc-7pw8-r82c",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:20Z",
"published": "2024-03-13T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3034414%40page-and-post-restriction\u0026new=3034414%40page-and-post-restriction\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a3e33a5c-df7c-4ef5-a59c-1c31abcda6d1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHRR-R69V-42VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-14 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-26 18:33A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.13.1 for Windows. A local attacker may be able to elevate their privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-14T19:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.13.1 for Windows. A local attacker may be able to elevate their privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-chrr-r69v-42vf",
"modified": "2024-08-26T18:33:32Z",
"published": "2024-03-14T21:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214091"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.