CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1283 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GV89-2PC5-VF6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-03 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-10 00:01Philips Vue PACS versions 12.2.x.x and prior does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-01T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Philips Vue PACS versions 12.2.x.x and prior does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.",
"id": "GHSA-gv89-2pc5-vf6w",
"modified": "2022-04-10T00:01:05Z",
"published": "2022-04-03T00:01:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsma-21-187-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.philips.com/productsecurity"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GVC5-FJQH-5H22
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-05 18:34 – Updated: 2024-07-09 18:30An issue in Eskooly Free Online School management Software v.3.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the HTTP Response Header Settings component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27713"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-05T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Eskooly Free Online School management Software v.3.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the HTTP Response Header Settings component.",
"id": "GHSA-gvc5-fjqh-5h22",
"modified": "2024-07-09T18:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-07-05T18:34:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.be-hacktive.com/eskooly-cve/cve-2024-27713-protection-mechanism-failure-in-eskooly-web-product-less-than-v3.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GVGJ-R6PG-M42W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-02 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-02 21:32claude-skill-antivirus fails to analyze executable files when scanning local skill directories, reading only SKILL.md while ignoring Python source, bytecode, and other artifacts in the scripts directory. Attackers can distribute skills with malicious code in non-manifest files that receive a SAFE verdict with 100/100 trust score despite containing unanalyzed executable payloads.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-84810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-02T17:18:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "claude-skill-antivirus fails to analyze executable files when scanning local skill directories, reading only SKILL.md while ignoring Python source, bytecode, and other artifacts in the scripts directory. Attackers can distribute skills with malicious code in non-manifest files that receive a SAFE verdict with 100/100 trust score despite containing unanalyzed executable payloads.",
"id": "GHSA-gvgj-r6pg-m42w",
"modified": "2026-09-02T21:32:06Z",
"published": "2026-09-02T18:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/claude-world/claude-skill-antivirus/issues/33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/claude-world/claude-skill-antivirus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/claude-world/claude-skill-antivirus/blob/v2.1.3/src/scanner/index.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/claude-world/claude-skill-antivirus/blob/v2.1.3/src/utils/downloader.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nedlir/skills-scanner-bypass"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/claude-skill-antivirus-analysis-bypass-via-manifest-only-local-directory-scan"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GW3G-78VP-6J8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-08-07 00:00A vulnerability has been identified in SICAM A8000 CP-8000 (All versions < V16), SICAM A8000 CP-8021 (All versions < V16), SICAM A8000 CP-8022 (All versions < V16). A web server misconfiguration of the affected device can cause insecure ciphers usage by a user´s browser. An attacker in a privileged position could decrypt the communication and compromise confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28396"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SICAM A8000 CP-8000 (All versions \u003c V16), SICAM A8000 CP-8021 (All versions \u003c V16), SICAM A8000 CP-8022 (All versions \u003c V16). A web server misconfiguration of the affected device can cause insecure ciphers usage by a user\u00b4s browser. An attacker in a privileged position could decrypt the communication and compromise confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted information.",
"id": "GHSA-gw3g-78vp-6j8f",
"modified": "2022-08-07T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-415783.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-062"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GW5P-HRXR-924M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30Protection mechanism failure in Windows Shell allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32225"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:17:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in Windows Shell allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-gw5p-hrxr-924m",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GW97-553P-FP3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-25 18:31Winter CMS versions before 1.2.13 contain an incomplete fix for a Twig sandbox escape vulnerability in System\Twig\SecurityPolicy that allows authenticated backend users with template-editing permissions to bypass sandbox restrictions. Attackers can exploit method forwarding through Eloquent models and query builders using methods like saveQuietly(), deleteQuietly(), increment(), decrement(), and newQuery() to read and modify arbitrary database records, execute arbitrary SQL, and achieve remote code execution by injecting PHP into template code sections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-79774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T16:17:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Winter CMS versions before 1.2.13 contain an incomplete fix for a Twig sandbox escape vulnerability in System\\\\Twig\\\\SecurityPolicy that allows authenticated backend users with template-editing permissions to bypass sandbox restrictions. Attackers can exploit method forwarding through Eloquent models and query builders using methods like saveQuietly(), deleteQuietly(), increment(), decrement(), and newQuery() to read and modify arbitrary database records, execute arbitrary SQL, and achieve remote code execution by injecting PHP into template code sections.",
"id": "GHSA-gw97-553p-fp3j",
"modified": "2026-08-25T18:31:54Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wintercms/winter/security/advisories/GHSA-8cfw-pcwh-v63w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wintercms/winter/commit/725bbcda232466f7f71381c271c6916573d576e6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/winter-cms-before-twig-sandbox-escape-via-securitypolicy"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX2R-3GGV-9HVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-21 21:31Sandbox escape in the Profile Backup component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-92066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T13:17:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Sandbox escape in the Profile Backup component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156.",
"id": "GHSA-gx2r-3ggv-9hvj",
"modified": "2026-09-21T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T15:32:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2058093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-94"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX55-F84R-V3R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:19 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:19Summary
Fission's Environment CRD exposes spec.runtime.podSpec and spec.builder.podSpec, which are merged into the Kubernetes pod specs for runtime and builder pods. The merge logic propagated hostNetwork, hostPID, hostIPC, container
privileged, and serviceAccountName from the user-supplied podspec with no filtering, and Environment.Validate performed no security-relevant checks on these fields.
Details
A namespace user with create/update on environments.fission.io could produce privileged, host-network, hostPID pods in the Fission function or builder namespace. Because the Helm chart created the fission-function and
fission-builder namespaces with no pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce labels, Kubernetes Pod Security Admission did not catch the escape either.
From a host-network privileged pod with hostPID, the attacker could nsenter into the host, read cloud-metadata credentials, access the container-runtime socket, pivot to other namespaces, and fully compromise the node.
Impact
environments.fission.io create/update RBAC is escalated to node compromise — host filesystem and network access on the scheduling node, and from there potential cluster-wide takeover.
Fix
Fixed in #3391 and released in v1.24.0. Denylist at admission (the primary defence) plus belt-and-braces at the merge layer.
Admission denylist (pkg/apis/core/v1/podspec_safety.go::ValidatePodSpecSafety), called from Environment.Validate for both Runtime.PodSpec and Builder.PodSpec:
- pod-level:
HostNetwork,HostPID,HostIPC,ServiceAccountName/DeprecatedServiceAccountoverride, hostPath volumes; - per-container:
SecurityContext.Privileged=true,SecurityContext.AllowPrivilegeEscalation=true, dangerous capabilities (SYS_ADMIN,NET_ADMIN,SYS_PTRACE,SYS_MODULE,DAC_READ_SEARCH,DAC_OVERRIDE).
Update-bypass closed: the Environment validating-webhook marker is extended from verbs=create to verbs=create;update (chart and envtest manifests aligned).
Merge-layer belt-and-braces (pkg/executor/util/merge.go): even if admission is bypassed (failurePolicy=Ignore or stale pre-webhook objects), the denylisted pod-level fields are stripped and per-container dangerous settings are
sanitized before the merge (with SecurityContext deep-copied first so cached informer objects are not mutated). Legitimate operator hardening via the chart's pod-level securityContext (fsGroup, runAsNonRoot, runAsUser) still flows
through.
Behavioural change
Environments that explicitly set any denylisted field are now rejected at admission. There is no legitimate Fission use case — these primitives exist for cluster operators, not Environment authors.
This is the same root cause and fix as GHSA-wmgg-3p4h-48x7.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.23.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fission/fission"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.24.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50564"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:19:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T18:17:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nFission\u0027s `Environment` CRD exposes `spec.runtime.podSpec` and `spec.builder.podSpec`, which are merged into the Kubernetes pod specs for runtime and builder pods. The merge logic propagated `hostNetwork`, `hostPID`, `hostIPC`, container\n `privileged`, and `serviceAccountName` from the user-supplied podspec with no filtering, and `Environment.Validate` performed no security-relevant checks on these fields.\n\n### Details\n\nA namespace user with `create`/`update` on `environments.fission.io` could produce privileged, host-network, hostPID pods in the Fission function or builder namespace. Because the Helm chart created the `fission-function` and\n`fission-builder` namespaces with no `pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce` labels, Kubernetes Pod Security Admission did not catch the escape either.\n\nFrom a host-network privileged pod with hostPID, the attacker could `nsenter` into the host, read cloud-metadata credentials, access the container-runtime socket, pivot to other namespaces, and fully compromise the node.\n\n### Impact\n\n`environments.fission.io` create/update RBAC is escalated to node compromise \u2014 host filesystem and network access on the scheduling node, and from there potential cluster-wide takeover.\n\n### Fix\n\nFixed in [#3391](https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3391) and released in [v1.24.0](https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0). Denylist at admission (the primary defence) plus belt-and-braces at the merge layer.\n\n**Admission denylist** (`pkg/apis/core/v1/podspec_safety.go::ValidatePodSpecSafety`), called from `Environment.Validate` for both `Runtime.PodSpec` and `Builder.PodSpec`:\n\n- pod-level: `HostNetwork`, `HostPID`, `HostIPC`, `ServiceAccountName` / `DeprecatedServiceAccount` override, hostPath volumes;\n- per-container: `SecurityContext.Privileged=true`, `SecurityContext.AllowPrivilegeEscalation=true`, dangerous capabilities (`SYS_ADMIN`, `NET_ADMIN`, `SYS_PTRACE`, `SYS_MODULE`, `DAC_READ_SEARCH`, `DAC_OVERRIDE`).\n\n**Update-bypass closed:** the `Environment` validating-webhook marker is extended from `verbs=create` to `verbs=create;update` (chart and envtest manifests aligned).\n\n**Merge-layer belt-and-braces** (`pkg/executor/util/merge.go`): even if admission is bypassed (`failurePolicy=Ignore` or stale pre-webhook objects), the denylisted pod-level fields are stripped and per-container dangerous settings are\nsanitized before the merge (with `SecurityContext` deep-copied first so cached informer objects are not mutated). Legitimate operator hardening via the chart\u0027s pod-level `securityContext` (fsGroup, runAsNonRoot, runAsUser) still flows\nthrough.\n\n### Behavioural change\n\nEnvironments that explicitly set any denylisted field are now rejected at admission. There is no legitimate Fission use case \u2014 these primitives exist for cluster operators, not Environment authors.\n\nThis is the same root cause and fix as GHSA-wmgg-3p4h-48x7.",
"id": "GHSA-gx55-f84r-v3r7",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:19:32Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T18:19:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/security/advisories/GHSA-gx55-f84r-v3r7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/commit/e484df8460bb4e8026e24210120602aa7f181f64"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Fission Environment CRD podspec passthrough enables hostPID/hostNetwork/privileged pods, node escape"
}
GHSA-GXH7-M3Q2-P9CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:49Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) Arc(TM) graphics cards A770 and A750 sold between October of 2022 and December of 2022 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) Arc(TM) graphics cards A770 and A750 sold between October of 2022 and December of 2022 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-gxh7-m3q2-p9cq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:49:56Z",
"published": "2023-08-11T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00812.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXM7-WVVQ-GM86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:31In getCallingPackageName of CredentialStorage, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T19:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In getCallingPackageName of CredentialStorage, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-gxm7-wvvq-gm86",
"modified": "2025-09-05T18:31:19Z",
"published": "2025-09-04T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Settings/+/cc1b1b5e493affcb1ef9c3543b10c89141f245c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.