Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15139 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JC36-42CF-VQWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-26 00:00 – Updated: 2023-06-23 21:37
VLAI
Summary
Nokogiri affected by zlib's Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability
Details
zlib 1.2.11 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "nokogiri"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.13.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-23T21:37:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-25T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "zlib 1.2.11 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.",
"id": "GHSA-jc36-42cf-vqwj",
"modified": "2023-06-23T21:37:14Z",
"published": "2022-03-26T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-v6gp-9mmm-c6p5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/issues/605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/5c44459c3b28a9bd3283aaceab7c615f8020c531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/24/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220729-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220526-0009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XOKFMSNQ5D5WGMALBNBXU3GE442V74WU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOKNP2L734AEL47NRYGVZIKEFOUBQY5Y"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NS2D2GFPFGOJUL4WQ3DUAY7HF4VWQ77F"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JZZPTWRYQULAOL3AW7RZJNVZ2UONXCV4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DF62MVMH3QUGMBDCB3DY2ERQ6EBHTADB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DCZFIJBJTZ7CL5QXBFKTQ22Q26VINRUF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/04/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2018-25032.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/compare/v1.2.11...v1.2.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-333517.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/25/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/26/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Nokogiri affected by zlib\u0027s Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability"
}
GHSA-JC37-RMRX-QCXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:01
VLAI
Details
wolfSSL wolfMQTT 1.9 has a heap-based buffer overflow in MqttClient_DecodePacket (called from MqttClient_WaitType and MqttClient_Subscribe).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-01T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "wolfSSL wolfMQTT 1.9 has a heap-based buffer overflow in MqttClient_DecodePacket (called from MqttClient_WaitType and MqttClient_Subscribe).",
"id": "GHSA-jc37-rmrx-qcxg",
"modified": "2022-01-12T00:01:55Z",
"published": "2022-01-02T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfMQTT/commit/84d4b53122e0fa0280c7872350b89d5777dabbb2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=39103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/wolfmqtt/OSV-2021-1361.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JC3H-QCPC-WR94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-24 00:00
VLAI
Details
Multiple improper input validation vulnerabilities exists in the libnvram.so nvram_import functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.4. A specially-crafted file can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.An improper input validation vulnerability exists in the httpd's user_define_print function. Controlling the user_define_timeout nvram variable can lead to remote code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26781"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple improper input validation vulnerabilities exists in the libnvram.so nvram_import functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.4. A specially-crafted file can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.An improper input validation vulnerability exists in the `httpd`\u0027s `user_define_print` function. Controlling the `user_define_timeout` nvram variable can lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jc3h-qcpc-wr94",
"modified": "2022-05-24T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.inhandnetworks.com/upload/attachment/202205/10/InHand-PSA-2022-01.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC3M-FP5Q-7QX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 03:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 15:31
VLAI
Details
D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW110B02 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the sub_48AC20 function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-07T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW110B02 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the sub_48AC20 function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-jc3m-fp5q-7qx9",
"modified": "2025-02-13T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DrizzlingSun/D-link/blob/main/Dir882/1/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC3P-F86Q-23RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-25 12:31 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:31
VLAI
Details
In mm_GetMobileIdIndexForNsUpdate of mm_GmmPduCodec.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-25T11:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In mm_GetMobileIdIndexForNsUpdate of mm_GmmPduCodec.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-jc3p-f86q-23rh",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-10-25T12:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2024-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC42-35XX-59VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:27
VLAI
Details
SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer, version - 9, allows a user to open manipulated HPGL file received from untrusted sources which results in crashing of the application and becoming temporarily unavailable until the user restarts the application, this is caused due to Improper Input Validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer, version - 9, allows a user to open manipulated HPGL file received from untrusted sources which results in crashing of the application and becoming temporarily unavailable until the user restarts the application, this is caused due to Improper Input Validation.",
"id": "GHSA-jc42-35xx-59vv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:27:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:27:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2960815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=557449700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-1146"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JC4P-C854-MCWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-15 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-15 00:01
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in JT Utilities (All versions < V13.1.1.0), JTTK (All versions < V11.1.1.0). JTTK library in affected products is vulnerable to an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted JT files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14907)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-14T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in JT Utilities (All versions \u003c V13.1.1.0), JTTK (All versions \u003c V11.1.1.0). JTTK library in affected products is vulnerable to an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted JT files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14907)",
"id": "GHSA-jc4p-c854-mcwc",
"modified": "2021-12-15T00:01:12Z",
"published": "2021-12-15T00:01:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-802578.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JC4V-C4MW-RMF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-03 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-17 18:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
smb: Fix regression in writes when non-standard maximum write size negotiated
The conversion to netfs in the 6.3 kernel caused a regression when maximum write size is set by the server to an unexpected value which is not a multiple of 4096 (similarly if the user overrides the maximum write size by setting mount parm "wsize", but sets it to a value that is not a multiple of 4096). When negotiated write size is not a multiple of 4096 the netfs code can skip the end of the final page when doing large sequential writes, causing data corruption.
This section of code is being rewritten/removed due to a large netfs change, but until that point (ie for the 6.3 kernel until now) we can not support non-standard maximum write sizes.
Add a warning if a user specifies a wsize on mount that is not a multiple of 4096 (and round down), also add a change where we round down the maximum write size if the server negotiates a value that is not a multiple of 4096 (we also have to check to make sure that we do not round it down to zero).
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-03T15:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmb: Fix regression in writes when non-standard maximum write size negotiated\n\nThe conversion to netfs in the 6.3 kernel caused a regression when\nmaximum write size is set by the server to an unexpected value which is\nnot a multiple of 4096 (similarly if the user overrides the maximum\nwrite size by setting mount parm \"wsize\", but sets it to a value that\nis not a multiple of 4096). When negotiated write size is not a\nmultiple of 4096 the netfs code can skip the end of the final\npage when doing large sequential writes, causing data corruption.\n\nThis section of code is being rewritten/removed due to a large\nnetfs change, but until that point (ie for the 6.3 kernel until now)\nwe can not support non-standard maximum write sizes.\n\nAdd a warning if a user specifies a wsize on mount that is not\na multiple of 4096 (and round down), also add a change where we\nround down the maximum write size if the server negotiates a value\nthat is not a multiple of 4096 (we also have to check to make sure that\nwe do not round it down to zero).",
"id": "GHSA-jc4v-c4mw-rmf8",
"modified": "2025-03-17T18:31:38Z",
"published": "2024-04-03T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4145ccff546ea868428b3e0fe6818c6261b574a9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4860abb91f3d7fbaf8147d54782149bb1fc45892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63c35afd50e28b49c5b75542045a8c42b696dab9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC4W-JQ48-5R7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18
VLAI
Details
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the scripting engine handles objects in memory in Internet Explorer, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability." This affects Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 11, Internet Explorer 10. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0996, CVE-2018-1001.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-12T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the scripting engine handles objects in memory in Internet Explorer, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\" This affects Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 11, Internet Explorer 10. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0996, CVE-2018-1001.",
"id": "GHSA-jc4w-jq48-5r7g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040653"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC59-G3Q9-QWJW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:54 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:54
VLAI
Details
Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2017.011.30143 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2015.006.30497 and earlier, and 2015.006.30498 and earlier have a heap overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-8050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-20T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2017.011.30143 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2015.006.30497 and earlier, and 2015.006.30498 and earlier have a heap overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jc59-g3q9-qwjw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:54:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:54:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb19-41.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.