Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15102 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P2CP-JQ63-RPHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:02
VLAI
Details
In libxaac, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-117100617
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-2066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In libxaac, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-117100617",
"id": "GHSA-p2cp-jq63-rphh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:02:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2CQ-CPRG-FRVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-25 18:28 – Updated: 2024-10-28 15:10
VLAI
Summary
Out of bounds write in tensorflow-lite
Details
Impact
In TensorFlow Lite models using segment sum can trigger a write out bounds / segmentation fault if the segment ids are not sorted. Code assumes that the segment ids are in increasing order, using the last element of the tensor holding them to determine the dimensionality of output tensor: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/segment_sum.cc#L39-L44
This results in allocating insufficient memory for the output tensor and in a write outside the bounds of the output array: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/internal/reference/reference_ops.h#L2625-L2631
This usually results in a segmentation fault, but depending on runtime conditions it can provide for a write gadget to be used in future memory corruption-based exploits.
Patches
We have patched the issue in 204945b and will release patch releases for all affected versions.
We recommend users to upgrade to TensorFlow 2.2.1, or 2.3.1.
Workarounds
A potential workaround would be to add a custom Verifier to the model loading code to ensure that the segment ids are sorted, although this only handles the case when the segment ids are stored statically in the model.
A similar validation could be done if the segment ids are generated at runtime between inference steps.
If the segment ids are generated as outputs of a tensor during inference steps, then there are no possible workaround and users are advised to upgrade to patched code.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.2.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.3.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.2.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.3.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.2.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.3.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-25T18:25:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIn TensorFlow Lite models using segment sum can trigger a write out bounds / segmentation fault if the segment ids are not sorted. Code assumes that the segment ids are in increasing order, using the last element of the tensor holding them to determine the dimensionality of output tensor:\nhttps://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/segment_sum.cc#L39-L44\n\nThis results in allocating insufficient memory for the output tensor and in a write outside the bounds of the output array:\nhttps://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/internal/reference/reference_ops.h#L2625-L2631\n\nThis usually results in a segmentation fault, but depending on runtime conditions it can provide for a write gadget to be used in future memory corruption-based exploits.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in 204945b and will release patch releases for all affected versions.\n\nWe recommend users to upgrade to TensorFlow 2.2.1, or 2.3.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nA potential workaround would be to add a custom `Verifier` to the model loading code to ensure that the segment ids are sorted, although this only handles the case when the segment ids are stored statically in the model.\n\nA similar validation could be done if the segment ids are generated at runtime between inference steps.\n\nIf the segment ids are generated as outputs of a tensor during inference steps, then there are no possible workaround and users are advised to upgrade to patched code.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.",
"id": "GHSA-p2cq-cprg-frvm",
"modified": "2024-10-28T15:10:10Z",
"published": "2020-09-25T18:28:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-p2cq-cprg-frvm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/00c7ed7ce81c2126ebc17dfe7073b5c0efd5ec0a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/204945b19e44b57906c9344c0d00120eeeae178a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/a4030d8ba3692c438997c27be2dd95f3d5f54827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2020-294.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2020-329.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2020-137.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/internal/reference/reference_ops.h#L2625-L2631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/segment_sum.cc#L39-L44"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.3.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Out of bounds write in tensorflow-lite"
}
GHSA-P2F5-76JQ-F5VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06
VLAI
Details
Mozilla developers reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 88. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 89.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29966"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-24T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mozilla developers reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 88. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 89.",
"id": "GHSA-p2f5-76jq-f5vv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29966"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1660307%2C1686154%2C1702948%2C1708124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2F8-J92V-35P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-06 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-09 00:00
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow in Tab Groups in Google Chrome prior to 98.0.4758.102 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension and engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-05T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Tab Groups in Google Chrome prior to 98.0.4758.102 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension and engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-p2f8-j92v-35p7",
"modified": "2022-04-09T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-04-06T00:01:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/02/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_14.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1273397"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2FQ-4W5W-2CCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-07-14 21:31
VLAI
Details
A local code execution vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation Arena® due to a threat actor being able to write outside of the allocated memory buffer. The flaw is a result of improper validation of user-supplied data. If exploited a threat actor can disclose information and execute arbitrary code on the system. To exploit the vulnerability a legitimate user must open a malicious DOE file.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T16:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A local code execution vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation\u00a0Arena\u00ae\u00a0due to a threat actor being able to write outside of the allocated memory buffer. The flaw is a result of improper validation of user-supplied data. \u00a0If exploited a threat actor can disclose information and execute arbitrary code on the system. To exploit the vulnerability a legitimate user must open a malicious DOE file.",
"id": "GHSA-p2fq-4w5w-2ccm",
"modified": "2025-07-14T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1726.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2G5-6H8G-6JR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:34
VLAI
Details
Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability via the adslPwd parameter in the formWanParameterSetting function.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability via the adslPwd parameter in the formWanParameterSetting function.",
"id": "GHSA-p2g5-6h8g-6jr3",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:34:52Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T15:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/formWanParameterSetting.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2GP-7C6P-M287
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow in UI in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 86.0.4240.183 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-03T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in UI in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 86.0.4240.183 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-p2gp-7c6p-m287",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1144489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00016.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159975/Chrome-ConvertToJavaBitmap-Heap-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P2HX-7WMW-X3VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-28 15:33
VLAI
Details
Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co Tenda AC6V2 (fromAdvSetLanip(overflow arg:lanMask) modules) allows Overflow Buffers.This issue affects Tenda AC6V2: through 15.03.06.50
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T11:30:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co Tenda AC6V2 (fromAdvSetLanip(overflow arg:lanMask) modules) allows Overflow Buffers.This issue affects Tenda AC6V2: through 15.03.06.50",
"id": "GHSA-p2hx-7wmw-x3vv",
"modified": "2025-05-28T15:33:56Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T12:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulsec.org/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2M5-XX3P-MQR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2023-05-05 21:31
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in gpac through 20200801. A stack-buffer-overflow exists in the function DumpRawUIConfig located in odf_dump.c. It allows an attacker to cause code Execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in gpac through 20200801. A stack-buffer-overflow exists in the function DumpRawUIConfig located in odf_dump.c. It allows an attacker to cause code Execution.",
"id": "GHSA-p2m5-xx3p-mqr6",
"modified": "2023-05-05T21:31:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/1575"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2MM-QW8G-Q2P9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:32
VLAI
Details
Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48343"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T21:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-p2mm-qw8g-q2p9",
"modified": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb26-81.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.