Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15113 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PWV6-VV43-88GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 20:20 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:41
VLAI
Summary
Pillow has an OOB Write with Invalid PSD Tile Extents (Integer Overflow)
Details
Impact
Processing a malicious PSD file could lead to memory corruption, potentially resulting in a crash or arbitrary code execution.
Patches
Patched version: 12.2.0
Pillow 12.1.1 addressed CVE-2026-25990 by adding checks for tile extents in PSD image decoding/encoding to prevent an out-of-bounds write. However, the bounds checks computed tile extent sums using types susceptible to integer overflow, meaning a PSD image with carefully chosen tile dimensions could produce values that wrap around and bypass the checks, still triggering an out-of-bounds write in src/decode.c and src/encode.c. The fix avoids adding extents together before comparison.
Workarounds
Use any version but affected versions: >= 10.3.0, < 12.2.0
Resources
- Fix: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9520
- Original issue: CVE-2026-25990 (Pillow 12.1.1)
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pillow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T20:20:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T06:16:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nProcessing a malicious PSD file could lead to memory corruption, potentially resulting in a crash or arbitrary code execution.\n\n### Patches\nPatched version: 12.2.0\n\nPillow 12.1.1 addressed CVE-2026-25990 by adding checks for tile extents in PSD image decoding/encoding to prevent an out-of-bounds write. However, the bounds checks computed tile extent sums using types susceptible to integer overflow, meaning a PSD image with carefully chosen tile dimensions could produce values that wrap around and bypass the checks, still triggering an out-of-bounds write in src/decode.c and src/encode.c. The fix avoids adding extents together before comparison.\n\n### Workarounds\nUse any version but affected versions: \u003e= 10.3.0, \u003c 12.2.0\n\n### Resources\n - Fix: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9520 \n - Original issue: CVE-2026-25990 (Pillow 12.1.1)",
"id": "GHSA-pwv6-vv43-88gr",
"modified": "2026-05-13T13:41:29Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T20:20:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-cfh3-3jmp-rvhc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-pwv6-vv43-88gr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/58f9a1d166dcb0c274807d4423522d205b0c35ea"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases/tag/12.2.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Pillow has an OOB Write with Invalid PSD Tile Extents (Integer Overflow)"
}
GHSA-PWV9-2W3M-5M4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01
VLAI
Details
An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the SavePatientMontage functionality of Natus Xltek NeuroWorks 8. A specially crafted network packet can cause a stack buffer overflow resulting in code execution. An attacker can a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2867"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-05T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the SavePatientMontage functionality of Natus Xltek NeuroWorks 8. A specially crafted network packet can cause a stack buffer overflow resulting in code execution. An attacker can a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-pwv9-2w3m-5m4w",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104490"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWVP-7Q9F-HP59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 12:33 – Updated: 2025-04-07 12:33
VLAI
Details
Memory corruption when IOCTL call is invoked from user-space to write board data to WLAN driver.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T11:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption when IOCTL call is invoked from user-space to write board data to WLAN driver.",
"id": "GHSA-pwvp-7q9f-hp59",
"modified": "2025-04-07T12:33:19Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T12:33:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/april-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWW2-7VC4-85MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-30 21:33 – Updated: 2025-07-18 18:30
VLAI
Details
Fuji Electric Monitouch V-SFT is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write because of a type confusion, which could result in arbitrary code execution.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-843"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-30T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Fuji Electric Monitouch V-SFT is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write because of a\n type confusion, which could result in arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-pww2-7vc4-85mw",
"modified": "2025-07-18T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-05-30T21:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-151-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWXG-7J6Q-62VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-22 00:00
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the parse_raster_data functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40398"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the parse_raster_data functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-pwxg-7j6q-62vv",
"modified": "2022-04-22T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWXH-5C57-PHQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2022-12-09 18:30
VLAI
Details
IBM Spectrum Protect Servers 7.1 and 8.1 and Storage Agents are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking by servers and storage agents in response to specifically crafted communication exchanges. By sending an overly long request, a remote attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system with instance id privileges or cause the server or storage agent to crash. IBM X-Force ID: 157510.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM Spectrum Protect Servers 7.1 and 8.1 and Storage Agents are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking by servers and storage agents in response to specifically crafted communication exchanges. By sending an overly long request, a remote attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system with instance id privileges or cause the server or storage agent to crash. IBM X-Force ID: 157510.",
"id": "GHSA-pwxh-5c57-phq7",
"modified": "2022-12-09T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/157510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10882472"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWXR-G2V4-7G9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-18 00:00
VLAI
Details
OTFCC v0.10.4 was discovered to contain a heap-buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6c0a32.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OTFCC v0.10.4 was discovered to contain a heap-buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6c0a32.",
"id": "GHSA-pwxr-g2v4-7g9w",
"modified": "2022-08-18T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-08-17T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cvjark.github.io/2022/07/06/CVE-2022-33047"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWXW-RG6P-2VJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 18:30
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29963"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T17:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-pwxw-rg6p-2vjx",
"modified": "2025-05-13T18:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29963"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-29963"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PX2H-RWQR-R48V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_gre function with the local_ip variable.
Severity
7.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_gre function with the local_ip variable.",
"id": "GHSA-px2h-rwqr-r48v",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PX34-HH2G-J67R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:10 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:10
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in kwajd_read_headers in mspack/kwajd.c in libmspack before 0.7alpha. Bad KWAJ file header extensions could cause a one or two byte overwrite.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-14681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-28T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in kwajd_read_headers in mspack/kwajd.c in libmspack before 0.7alpha. Bad KWAJ file header extensions could cause a one or two byte overwrite.",
"id": "GHSA-px34-hh2g-j67r",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:10:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:10:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-14681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kyz/libmspack/commit/0b0ef9344255ff5acfac6b7af09198ac9c9756c8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/904799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/08/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201903-20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3728-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3728-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3728-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3789-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/07/26/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041410"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.