Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15139 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QR26-2MPM-7J4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:32
VLAI
Details
In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation Patch ID: WCNCR00350938; Issue ID: MSV-1132.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20017"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-04T03:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation Patch ID: WCNCR00350938; Issue ID: MSV-1132.",
"id": "GHSA-qr26-2mpm-7j4x",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:32:47Z",
"published": "2024-03-04T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.coffinsec.com/0day/2024/08/30/exploiting-CVE-2024-20017-four-different-ways.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.sonicwall.com/en-us/2024/09/critical-exploit-in-mediatek-wi-fi-chipsets-zero-click-vulnerability-cve-2024-20017-threatens-routers-and-smartphones"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/March-2024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41605680"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR2J-W53X-4F44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-24 12:30
VLAI
Details
AIDA64 Extreme 5.99.4900 contains a structured exception handling buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying malicious input through the email preferences and report wizard interfaces. Attackers can inject crafted payloads into the Display name field and Load from file parameter to trigger the overflow and execute shellcode with application privileges.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-24T12:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "AIDA64 Extreme 5.99.4900 contains a structured exception handling buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying malicious input through the email preferences and report wizard interfaces. Attackers can inject crafted payloads into the Display name field and Load from file parameter to trigger the overflow and execute shellcode with application privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-qr2j-w53x-4f44",
"modified": "2026-03-24T12:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-03-24T12:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.aida64.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/aida64-extreme-seh-buffer-overflow-via-egghunter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://download.aida64.com/aida64extreme599.exe"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR2R-966R-5P23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:51
VLAI
Details
An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the XPM image rendering function of SDL2_image 2.0.4. A specially crafted XPM image can cause an integer overflow in the colorhash function, allocating too small of a buffer. This buffer can then be written out of bounds, resulting in a heap overflow, ultimately ending in code execution. An attacker can display a specially crafted image to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-31T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the XPM image rendering function of SDL2_image 2.0.4. A specially crafted XPM image can cause an integer overflow in the colorhash function, allocating too small of a buffer. This buffer can then be written out of bounds, resulting in a heap overflow, ultimately ending in code execution. An attacker can display a specially crafted image to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-qr2r-966r-5p23",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:51:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00014.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00029.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00030.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR3G-7VMG-24HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-15 18:30 – Updated: 2024-09-26 21:31
VLAI
Details
SAP CommonCryptoLib allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a request, which when submitted to an open port causes a memory corruption error in a library which in turn causes the target component to crash making it unavailable. There is no ability to view or modify any information.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40308"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-476",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-12T02:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP CommonCryptoLib\u00a0allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a request, which when submitted to an open port causes a memory corruption error in a library which in turn causes the target component to crash making it unavailable. There is no ability to view or modify any information.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-qr3g-7vmg-24hh",
"modified": "2024-09-26T21:31:10Z",
"published": "2023-09-15T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3327896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR3P-83WM-PX3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-06 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-19 15:30
VLAI
Details
When decoding an OpenEXR file that uses DWAA or DWAB compression, there's an implicit assumption that the height and width are divisible by 8.
If the height or width of the image is not divisible by 8, the copy loops at [0] and [1] will continue to write until the next multiple of 8.
The buffer td->uncompressed_data is allocated in decode_block based on the precise height and width of the image, so the "rounded-up" multiple of 8 in the copy loop can exceed the buffer bounds, and the write block starting at [2] can corrupt following heap memory.
We recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59732"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-06T08:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When decoding an OpenEXR file that uses DWAA or DWAB compression, there\u0027s an implicit assumption that the height and width are divisible by 8.\n\nIf the height or width of the image is not divisible by 8, the copy loops at [0] and [1] will continue to write until the next multiple of 8.\n\nThe buffer td-\u003euncompressed_data\u00a0is allocated in decode_block\u00a0based on the precise height and width of the image, so the \"rounded-up\" multiple of 8 in the copy loop can exceed the buffer bounds, and the write block starting at [2] can corrupt following heap memory.\n\n\n\nWe recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.",
"id": "GHSA-qr3p-83wm-px3f",
"modified": "2025-10-19T15:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59732"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://b.corp.google.com/issues/436510316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/436510316"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR4P-J2PF-4W4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-21 18:30
VLAI
Details
A remote code execution vulnerability was found in libaom, the reference AV1 codec implementation. Insufficient bounds validation in the AV1 encoder's SVC (Scalable Video Coding) layer ID control allows an attacker to supply crafted video frame pixels that overlap with internal encoder layer context structures. In fork-based video processing services, an attacker can use this to hijack the cyclic refresh map pointer, brute-force the process base address via a crash oracle, and redirect control flow to achieve arbitrary command execution. Exploitation requires the target service to use libaom with SVC encoding enabled and accept attacker-supplied video frames.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56211"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-19T17:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability was found in libaom, the reference AV1 codec implementation. Insufficient bounds validation in the AV1 encoder\u0027s SVC (Scalable Video Coding) layer ID control allows an attacker to supply crafted video frame pixels that overlap with internal encoder layer context structures. In fork-based video processing services, an attacker can use this to hijack the cyclic refresh map pointer, brute-force the process base address via a crash oracle, and redirect control flow to achieve arbitrary command execution. Exploitation requires the target service to use libaom with SVC encoding enabled and accept attacker-supplied video frames.",
"id": "GHSA-qr4p-j2pf-4w4x",
"modified": "2026-07-21T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T18:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://aomedia.googlesource.com/aom/+/a93ba0ffaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2490802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/503993985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-56211.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR4W-53VH-M672
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-30 23:37 – Updated: 2024-08-30 23:37
VLAI
Summary
opencv-python bundled libwebp binaries in wheels that are vulnerable to CVE-2023-4863
Details
opencv-python versions before v4.8.1.78 bundled libwebp binaries in wheels that are vulnerable to CVE-2023-4863. opencv-python v4.8.1.78 upgrades the bundled libwebp binary to v1.3.2.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "opencv-python"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.8.1.78"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-30T23:37:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "opencv-python versions before v4.8.1.78 bundled libwebp binaries in wheels that are vulnerable to CVE-2023-4863. opencv-python v4.8.1.78 upgrades the bundled libwebp binary to v1.3.2.",
"id": "GHSA-qr4w-53vh-m672",
"modified": "2024-08-30T23:37:21Z",
"published": "2024-08-30T23:37:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/24274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencv/opencv/commit/687fc11626901cff09d2b3b5f331fd59190ad4c7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/opencv/opencv-python"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/ChangeLog#version481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/opencv-python/PYSEC-2023-183.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "opencv-python bundled libwebp binaries in wheels that are vulnerable to CVE-2023-4863"
}
GHSA-QR5X-5FP2-J3GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:00
VLAI
Details
Stack-based buffer overflow for some Intel(R) Trace Analyzer and Collector software before version 2021.8.0 published Dec 2022 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-10T14:15:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow for some Intel(R) Trace Analyzer and Collector software before version 2021.8.0 published Dec 2022 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-qr5x-5fp2-j3gr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:00:28Z",
"published": "2023-05-10T15:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00805.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR6W-V3FJ-8CJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-09 21:31
VLAI
Details
In vdec, there is a possible permission bypass due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09486425; Issue ID: MSV-2609.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T04:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In vdec, there is a possible permission bypass due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09486425; Issue ID: MSV-2609.",
"id": "GHSA-qr6w-v3fj-8cj6",
"modified": "2025-04-09T21:31:07Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/April-2025"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR73-9894-FFXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details
Perl before 5.26.3 and 5.28.x before 5.28.1 has a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression that triggers invalid write operations.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-07T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Perl before 5.26.3 and 5.28.x before 5.28.1 has a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression that triggers invalid write operations.",
"id": "GHSA-qr73-9894-ffxf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/34716e2a6ee2af96078d62b065b7785c001194be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3834-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3834-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT209600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190221-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201909-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Mar/42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=133204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://metacpan.org/changes/release/SHAY/perl-5.28.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://metacpan.org/changes/release/SHAY/perl-5.26.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RWQGEB543QN7SSBRKYJM6PSOC3RLYGSM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00039.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1646730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2019:0327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Mar/49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1042181"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.