Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15158 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RHCR-X3W4-7V5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-08-07 00:00
VLAI
Details
track_header in libavformat/vividas.c in FFmpeg 4.3.1 has an out-of-bounds write because of incorrect extradata packing.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-03T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "track_header in libavformat/vividas.c in FFmpeg 4.3.1 has an out-of-bounds write because of incorrect extradata packing.",
"id": "GHSA-rhcr-x3w4-7v5m",
"modified": "2022-08-07T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/27a99e2c7d450fef15594671eef4465c8a166bd7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=26622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-24"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHH8-VF3P-5MX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 15:30
VLAI
Details
Mozilla developers Gabriele Svelto, Yulia Startsev, Andrew McCreight and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 106. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code.
Note: This advisory was added on December 13th, 2022 after discovering it was inadvertently left out of the original advisory. The fix was included in the original release of Firefox 107. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 107.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mozilla developers Gabriele Svelto, Yulia Startsev, Andrew McCreight and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 106. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code.\u003cbr /\u003e*Note*: This advisory was added on December 13th, 2022 after discovering it was inadvertently left out of the original advisory. The fix was included in the original release of Firefox 107. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 107.",
"id": "GHSA-rhh8-vf3p-5mx3",
"modified": "2025-04-15T15:30:39Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1584674%2C1791152%2C1792241%2C1792984%2C1793127%2C1794645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-47"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHJH-XX2H-53XH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:54
VLAI
Details
An FR-GV-301 issue in FreeRADIUS 3.x before 3.0.15 allows "Write overflow in data2vp_wimax()" - this allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-17T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An FR-GV-301 issue in FreeRADIUS 3.x before 3.0.15 allows \"Write overflow in data2vp_wimax()\" - this allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-rhjh-xx2h-53xh",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:54:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:54:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://freeradius.org/security/fuzzer-2017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99876"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHM9-P9W5-FWM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-02-10 01:32 – Updated: 2024-09-13 18:33
VLAI
Summary
PyCA Cryptography symmetrically encrypting large values can lead to integer overflow
Details
cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. When certain sequences of update() calls with large values (multiple GBs) for symetric encryption or decryption occur, it's possible for an integer overflow to happen, leading to mishandling of buffers. This is patched in version 3.3.2 and newer.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "cryptography"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-02-10T01:31:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-07T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. When certain sequences of `update()` calls with large values (multiple GBs) for symetric encryption or decryption occur, it\u0027s possible for an integer overflow to happen, leading to mishandling of buffers. This is patched in version 3.3.2 and newer.\n",
"id": "GHSA-rhm9-p9w5-fwm7",
"modified": "2024-09-13T18:33:13Z",
"published": "2021-02-10T01:32:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/security/advisories/GHSA-rhm9-p9w5-fwm7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/5615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/82b6ce28389f0a317bc55ba2091a74b346db7cae"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rhm9-p9w5-fwm7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/blob/master/CHANGELOG.rst"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/compare/3.3.1...3.3.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/cryptography/PYSEC-2021-63.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L7RGQLK4J5ZQFRLKCHVVG6BKZTUQMG7E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L7RGQLK4J5ZQFRLKCHVVG6BKZTUQMG7E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PyCA Cryptography symmetrically encrypting large values can lead to integer overflow"
}
GHSA-RHMF-58P7-8QJW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:08
VLAI
Details
An exploitable out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the igcore19d.dll TIFF tifread parser of the Accusoft ImageGear 19.5.0 library. A specially crafted TIFF file can cause an out-of-bounds write, resulting in a remote code execution. An attacker needs to provide a malformed file to the victim to trigger the vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6067"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An exploitable out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the igcore19d.dll TIFF tifread parser of the Accusoft ImageGear 19.5.0 library. A specially crafted TIFF file can cause an out-of-bounds write, resulting in a remote code execution. An attacker needs to provide a malformed file to the victim to trigger the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rhmf-58p7-8qjw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:08:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-0991"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHPC-MGGV-VRQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-27 15:30 – Updated: 2023-03-31 03:30
VLAI
Details
An issue in the bridge2 component of MikroTik RouterOS v6.40.5 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted packets.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-27T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in the bridge2 component of MikroTik RouterOS v6.40.5 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted packets.",
"id": "GHSA-rhpc-mggv-vrqm",
"modified": "2023-03-31T03:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-03-27T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZYen12138/RouterOS/blob/main/CVE-2023-24094.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mikrotik.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://routeros.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHPG-HR5F-C82H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 18:30
VLAI
Details
Adobe Premiere Pro version 24.0 (and earlier) and 23.6 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47057"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Premiere Pro version 24.0 (and earlier) and 23.6 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-rhpg-hr5f-c82h",
"modified": "2023-11-16T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-11-16T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/premiere_pro/apsb23-65.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHPW-3CJQ-3MHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:57 – Updated: 2023-01-25 15:31
VLAI
Details
Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.366 and 19.x through 22.x before 22.0.0.209 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.632 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4172, CVE-2016-4175, CVE-2016-4179, CVE-2016-4180, CVE-2016-4181, CVE-2016-4182, CVE-2016-4183, CVE-2016-4184, CVE-2016-4185, CVE-2016-4186, CVE-2016-4187, CVE-2016-4188, CVE-2016-4189, CVE-2016-4190, CVE-2016-4217, CVE-2016-4218, CVE-2016-4219, CVE-2016-4220, CVE-2016-4221, CVE-2016-4233, CVE-2016-4234, CVE-2016-4235, CVE-2016-4236, CVE-2016-4237, CVE-2016-4238, CVE-2016-4239, CVE-2016-4240, CVE-2016-4241, CVE-2016-4243, CVE-2016-4244, CVE-2016-4245, and CVE-2016-4246.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-07-13T02:00:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.366 and 19.x through 22.x before 22.0.0.209 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.632 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4172, CVE-2016-4175, CVE-2016-4179, CVE-2016-4180, CVE-2016-4181, CVE-2016-4182, CVE-2016-4183, CVE-2016-4184, CVE-2016-4185, CVE-2016-4186, CVE-2016-4187, CVE-2016-4188, CVE-2016-4189, CVE-2016-4190, CVE-2016-4217, CVE-2016-4218, CVE-2016-4219, CVE-2016-4220, CVE-2016-4221, CVE-2016-4233, CVE-2016-4234, CVE-2016-4235, CVE-2016-4236, CVE-2016-4237, CVE-2016-4238, CVE-2016-4239, CVE-2016-4240, CVE-2016-4241, CVE-2016-4243, CVE-2016-4244, CVE-2016-4245, and CVE-2016-4246.",
"id": "GHSA-rhpw-3cjq-3mhp",
"modified": "2023-01-25T15:31:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:57:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-25.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201607-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-07/msg00016.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-07/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036280"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHQ8-HG5G-9G9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00
VLAI
Details
A stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Juniper Networks SBR Carrier with EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication configured, allows an attacker sending specific packets causing the radius daemon to crash resulting with a Denial of Service (DoS) or leading to remote code execution (RCE). By continuously sending this specific packets, an attacker can repeatedly crash the radius daemon, causing a sustained Denial of Service (DoS). This issue affects Juniper Networks SBR Carrier: 8.4.1 versions prior to 8.4.1R19; 8.5.0 versions prior to 8.5.0R10; 8.6.0 versions prior to 8.6.0R4.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0276"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-15T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Juniper Networks SBR Carrier with EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication configured, allows an attacker sending specific packets causing the radius daemon to crash resulting with a Denial of Service (DoS) or leading to remote code execution (RCE). By continuously sending this specific packets, an attacker can repeatedly crash the radius daemon, causing a sustained Denial of Service (DoS). This issue affects Juniper Networks SBR Carrier: 8.4.1 versions prior to 8.4.1R19; 8.5.0 versions prior to 8.5.0R10; 8.6.0 versions prior to 8.6.0R4.",
"id": "GHSA-rhq8-hg5g-9g9g",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11180"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHQR-QPWJ-FP49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-03 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-11 00:00
VLAI
Details
Onlyoffice Document Server v6.0.0 and below and Core 6.1.0.26 and below were discovered to contain a stack overflow via the component DesktopEditor/common/File.cpp.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Onlyoffice Document Server v6.0.0 and below and Core 6.1.0.26 and below were discovered to contain a stack overflow via the component DesktopEditor/common/File.cpp.",
"id": "GHSA-rhqr-qpwj-fp49",
"modified": "2022-06-11T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-06-03T00:01:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/core/commit/88cf60a3ed4a2b40d71a1c2ced72fa3902a30967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/DocumentServer/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moehw/poc_exploits/tree/master/CVE-2022-29776"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.