Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15608 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6VQ2-RRJ2-6JJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 09:31 – Updated: 2024-11-06 21:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
comedi: dt9812: fix DMA buffers on stack
USB transfer buffers are typically mapped for DMA and must not be allocated on the stack or transfers will fail.
Allocate proper transfer buffers in the various command helpers and return an error on short transfers instead of acting on random stack data.
Note that this also fixes a stack info leak on systems where DMA is not used as 32 bytes are always sent to the device regardless of how short the command is.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47477"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: dt9812: fix DMA buffers on stack\n\nUSB transfer buffers are typically mapped for DMA and must not be\nallocated on the stack or transfers will fail.\n\nAllocate proper transfer buffers in the various command helpers and\nreturn an error on short transfers instead of acting on random stack\ndata.\n\nNote that this also fixes a stack info leak on systems where DMA is not\nused as 32 bytes are always sent to the device regardless of how short\nthe command is.",
"id": "GHSA-6vq2-rrj2-6jjh",
"modified": "2024-11-06T21:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T09:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20cebb8b620dc987e55ddc46801de986e081757e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/365a346cda82f51d835c49136a00a9df8a78c7f2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39ea61037ae78f14fa121228dd962ea3280eacf3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ac273d154d634e2034508a14db82a95d7ad12ed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3efb7af8ac437085b6c776e5b54830b149d86efe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/536de747bc48262225889a533db6650731ab25d3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/786f5b03450454557ff858a8bead5d7c0cbf78d6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a52bc480992c7c9da3ebfea456af731f50a4b97"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6af69768d5cb4b2528946d53be5fa19ade37723"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VQF-WWV4-9QQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:04
VLAI
Details
Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.2 and iPadOS 13.2, tvOS 13.2, watchOS 6.1, Safari 13.0.3, iTunes for Windows 12.10.2, iCloud for Windows 11.0, iCloud for Windows 7.15. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-8820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.2 and iPadOS 13.2, tvOS 13.2, watchOS 6.1, Safari 13.0.3, iTunes for Windows 12.10.2, iCloud for Windows 11.0, iCloud for Windows 7.15. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-6vqf-wwv4-9qqh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:04:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:04:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210721"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT210728"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6VQR-8XJQ-GHQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-07 15:31
VLAI
Details
In DA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege, if an attacker has physical access to the device, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09625423; Issue ID: MSV-3033.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T04:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In DA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege, if an attacker has physical access to the device, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09625423; Issue ID: MSV-3033.",
"id": "GHSA-6vqr-8xjq-ghqg",
"modified": "2025-04-07T15:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/April-2025"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VRJ-W635-63JG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2025-12-04 00:30
VLAI
Details
An integer overflow in xmlmemory.c in libxml2 before 2.9.5, as used in Google Chrome prior to 62.0.3202.62 and other products, allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted XML file.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5130"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-07T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An integer overflow in xmlmemory.c in libxml2 before 2.9.5, as used in Google Chrome prior to 62.0.3202.62 and other products, allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted XML file.",
"id": "GHSA-6vrj-w635-63jg",
"modified": "2025-12-04T00:30:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:02:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2017/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/722079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.gnome.org/browse/libxml2/commit/?id=897dffbae322b46b83f99a607d527058a72c51ed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2017/11/msg00034.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/04/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190719-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=783026"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101482"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VRR-M85Q-V33X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-09 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:57
VLAI
Details
An attacker with a compromised ASP could possibly send malformed commands to an ASP on another CPU, resulting in an out of bounds write, potentially leading to a loss a loss of integrity.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-09T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker with a compromised ASP could\npossibly send malformed commands to an ASP on another CPU, resulting in an out\nof bounds write, potentially leading to a loss a loss of integrity.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-6vrr-m85q-v33x",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:57:46Z",
"published": "2023-05-09T21:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-3001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VW2-WC98-V487
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 15:31
VLAI
Details
APTIOV contains a vulnerability in BIOS where an attacker may cause an Out-of-bounds Write by local. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to data corruption and loss of availability.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22831"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T14:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "APTIOV contains a vulnerability in BIOS where an attacker may cause an Out-of-bounds Write by local. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to data corruption and loss of availability.",
"id": "GHSA-6vw2-wc98-v487",
"modified": "2025-10-22T15:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T15:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.ami.com/hubfs/Security%20Advisories/2025/AMI-SA-2025008.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VWP-VX4P-6QJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-04 15:31 – Updated: 2025-12-18 18:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: lan743x: fix potential out-of-bounds write in lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get()
Before calling lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get(), the 'channel' value is checked against the maximum value of PCI11X1X_PTP_IO_MAX_CHANNELS(8). This seems correct and aligns with the PTP interrupt status register (PTP_INT_STS) specifications.
However, lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get() writes to ptp->extts[] with only LAN743X_PTP_N_EXTTS(4) elements, using channel as an index:
lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get(..., u8 channel,...)
{
...
/* Update Local timestamp */
extts = &ptp->extts[channel];
extts->ts.tv_sec = sec;
...
}
To avoid an out-of-bounds write and utilize all the supported GPIO inputs, set LAN743X_PTP_N_EXTTS to 8.
Detected using the static analysis tool - Svace.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-04T14:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: lan743x: fix potential out-of-bounds write in lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get()\n\nBefore calling lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get(), the \u0027channel\u0027 value\nis checked against the maximum value of PCI11X1X_PTP_IO_MAX_CHANNELS(8).\nThis seems correct and aligns with the PTP interrupt status register\n(PTP_INT_STS) specifications.\n\nHowever, lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get() writes to ptp-\u003eextts[] with\nonly LAN743X_PTP_N_EXTTS(4) elements, using channel as an index:\n\n lan743x_ptp_io_event_clock_get(..., u8 channel,...)\n {\n ...\n /* Update Local timestamp */\n extts = \u0026ptp-\u003eextts[channel];\n extts-\u003ets.tv_sec = sec;\n ...\n }\n\nTo avoid an out-of-bounds write and utilize all the supported GPIO\ninputs, set LAN743X_PTP_N_EXTTS to 8.\n\nDetected using the static analysis tool - Svace.",
"id": "GHSA-6vwp-vx4p-6qjm",
"modified": "2025-12-18T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-07-04T15:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41017bd66c533f7af912c58273c7dfd5de0065d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4da0d23516857230b8e9b3022e25422ee2e2ba80"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66bba1fd5bad548c03f7e42669a59f3f4d8211cc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e353b0854d3a1a31cb061df8d022fbfea53a0f24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8d48201a132f4aab31351c19a802c5a5ae820fa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VWV-6HMX-54HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-27 18:32 – Updated: 2024-03-27 18:32
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability in the IKEv1 fragmentation code of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a heap underflow, resulting in an affected device reloading.
This vulnerability exists because crafted, fragmented IKEv1 packets are not properly reassembled. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted UDP packets to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
Note: Only traffic that is directed to the affected system can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 and IPv6 traffic..
Severity
8.6 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20308"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the IKEv1 fragmentation code of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a heap underflow, resulting in an affected device reloading.\n\n This vulnerability exists because crafted, fragmented IKEv1 packets are not properly reassembled. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted UDP packets to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.\n\n Note: Only traffic that is directed to the affected system can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 and IPv6 traffic..",
"id": "GHSA-6vwv-6hmx-54hh",
"modified": "2024-03-27T18:32:39Z",
"published": "2024-03-27T18:32:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ikev1-NO2ccFWz"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VXX-Q37M-5PRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08
VLAI
Details
An issue has been found in function DCTStream::reset in PDF2JSON 0.70 that allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service due to an invalid write of size 8 .
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-19469"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been found in function DCTStream::reset in PDF2JSON 0.70 that allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service due to an invalid write of size 8 .",
"id": "GHSA-6vxx-q37m-5prg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-19469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/flexpaper/pdf2json/issues/30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6W26-7RR7-96RJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 18:32 – Updated: 2024-12-05 18:31
VLAI
Details
In mtk_cfg80211_vendor_packet_keep_alive_start and mtk_cfg80211_vendor_set_config of drivers/misc/mediatek/connectivity/wlan/gen2/os/linux/gl_vendor.c, there is a possible OOB write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T18:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In mtk_cfg80211_vendor_packet_keep_alive_start and mtk_cfg80211_vendor_set_config of drivers/misc/mediatek/connectivity/wlan/gen2/os/linux/gl_vendor.c, there is a possible OOB write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-6w26-7rr7-96rj",
"modified": "2024-12-05T18:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T18:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.