Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15550 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8J2X-98W6-CR3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-03 00:30 – Updated: 2024-11-06 18:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pinctrl: nuvoton: wpcm450: fix out of bounds write
Write into 'pctrl->gpio_bank' happens before the check for GPIO index validity, so out of bounds write may happen.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52512"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-02T22:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npinctrl: nuvoton: wpcm450: fix out of bounds write\n\nWrite into \u0027pctrl-\u003egpio_bank\u0027 happens before the check for GPIO index\nvalidity, so out of bounds write may happen.\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.",
"id": "GHSA-8j2x-98w6-cr3m",
"modified": "2024-11-06T18:31:03Z",
"published": "2024-03-03T00:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c18c386fd13dbb3ff31a1086dabb526780d9bda"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87d315a34133edcb29c4cadbf196ec6c30dfd47b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9d7cac0fd27c74dd368e80dc4b5d0f9f2e13cf8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J3X-M868-CPW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 21:25 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:25
VLAI
Summary
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write (overlapping memcpy) in zipstream basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow
Details
Summary
A memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's bundled zipstream
decompression code caused an out-of-bounds write via overlapping
memcpy when reading a crafted gzip-compressed chemistry file.
Details
The flaw was in basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow. The decompression
buffer refill path invoked memcpy with overlapping source and
destination regions, which is undefined behavior and produced
out-of-bounds writes in practice. Any file format read through the
gzip-wrapped reader was a potential trigger.
Impact
Open Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry
file formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in
services that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability
requires the victim to open a malicious gzip-compressed chemistry file
with the obabel tool, the OBConversion API, or any of the language
bindings (Python, Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).
Affected versions
All releases up to and including 3.1.1.
Patched version
3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).
Patch
Fix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d41 Originally reported as #2832; fixes consolidated in #2913.
A minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under
test/files/fuzz_regress/ and is exercised on every CI build under
ASAN+UBSAN by the fuzzregresstest harness.
Credit
Reported via OSS-Fuzz.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openbabel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10995"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel\u0027s bundled zipstream\ndecompression code caused an out-of-bounds write via overlapping\n`memcpy` when reading a crafted gzip-compressed chemistry file.\n\n### Details\n\nThe flaw was in `basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow`. The decompression\nbuffer refill path invoked `memcpy` with overlapping source and\ndestination regions, which is undefined behavior and produced\nout-of-bounds writes in practice. Any file format read through the\ngzip-wrapped reader was a potential trigger.\n\n### Impact\n\nOpen Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry\nfile formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in\nservices that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability\nrequires the victim to open a malicious gzip-compressed chemistry file\nwith the `obabel` tool, the `OBConversion` API, or any of the language\nbindings (Python, Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).\n\n### Affected versions\n\nAll releases up to and including 3.1.1.\n\n### Patched version\n\n3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).\n\n### Patch\n\nFix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d41\nOriginally reported as #2832; fixes consolidated in #2913.\n\nA minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under\n`test/files/fuzz_regress/` and is exercised on every CI build under\nASAN+UBSAN by the `fuzzregresstest` harness.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported via OSS-Fuzz.",
"id": "GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8",
"modified": "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/security/advisories/GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d417c167b50cc8ce7aa3a02557e5b2b81c5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22318572/poc.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.654059"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Babel has out-of-bounds write (overlapping memcpy) in zipstream basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow"
}
GHSA-8J53-28JM-72JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21
VLAI
Details
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the scripting engine handles objects in memory in Internet Explorer, aka 'Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0609, CVE-2019-0639, CVE-2019-0680, CVE-2019-0769, CVE-2019-0770, CVE-2019-0771, CVE-2019-0773.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0783"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-09T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the scripting engine handles objects in memory in Internet Explorer, aka \u0027Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0609, CVE-2019-0639, CVE-2019-0680, CVE-2019-0769, CVE-2019-0770, CVE-2019-0771, CVE-2019-0773.",
"id": "GHSA-8j53-28jm-72jx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0783"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J5F-Q293-7F3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:24 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:24
VLAI
Details
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Canvas implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an HTML document that specifies invalid width and height values.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0768"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-01-13T20:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in the Canvas implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an HTML document that specifies invalid width and height values.",
"id": "GHSA-8j5f-q293-7f3q",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:24:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:24:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=815795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2013/mfsa2013-03.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8J5G-957R-VPVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-21 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:47
VLAI
Details
D-Link DIR-816 A2 v1.10CNB05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter flag_5G in showMACfilterMAC.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43239"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-21T13:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2 v1.10CNB05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter flag_5G in showMACfilterMAC.",
"id": "GHSA-8j5g-957r-vpvw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:47:31Z",
"published": "2023-09-21T15:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/peris-navince/founded-0-days/blob/main/Dlink/816/showMACfilterMAC/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J6G-XX29-47G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-01-13 03:30
VLAI
Details
Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.city.vlan parameter in the function formSetIptv
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-10T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.city.vlan parameter in the function formSetIptv",
"id": "GHSA-8j6g-xx29-47g5",
"modified": "2024-01-13T03:30:17Z",
"published": "2024-01-10T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grove-laser-8ad.notion.site/Tenda-AX1803-Buffer-Overflow-in-formSetIptv-d758f5dba8f646afaf5cddc6f8d3ec70"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J6Q-8932-R8P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18
VLAI
Details
Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 1709 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0758, CVE-2018-0762, CVE-2018-0769, CVE-2018-0770, CVE-2018-0772, CVE-2018-0773, CVE-2018-0774, CVE-2018-0775, CVE-2018-0776, CVE-2018-0777, CVE-2018-0778, and CVE-2018-0781.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0768"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-04T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 1709 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability\". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0758, CVE-2018-0762, CVE-2018-0769, CVE-2018-0770, CVE-2018-0772, CVE-2018-0773, CVE-2018-0774, CVE-2018-0775, CVE-2018-0776, CVE-2018-0777, CVE-2018-0778, and CVE-2018-0781.",
"id": "GHSA-8j6q-8932-r8p2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040100"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J77-5WMX-MGJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34
VLAI
Details
A heap overflow vulnerability exists in Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 when the software parses compressed sections in binary USD files. An instance exists in USDC file format FIELDSETS section decompression heap overflow.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6148"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-13T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap overflow vulnerability exists in Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 when the software parses compressed sections in binary USD files. An instance exists in USDC file format FIELDSETS section decompression heap overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-8j77-5wmx-mgjf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1094"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J7J-4M45-JV28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-24 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mt76: mt7996: use hweight16 to get correct tx antenna
The chainmask is u16 so using hweight8 cannot get correct tx_ant. Without this patch, the tx_ant of band 2 would be -1 and lead to the following issue: BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in mt7996_mcu_add_sta+0x12e0/0x16e0 [mt7996e]
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: mt76: mt7996: use hweight16 to get correct tx antenna\n\nThe chainmask is u16 so using hweight8 cannot get correct tx_ant.\nWithout this patch, the tx_ant of band 2 would be -1 and lead to the\nfollowing issue:\nBUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in mt7996_mcu_add_sta+0x12e0/0x16e0 [mt7996e]",
"id": "GHSA-8j7j-4m45-jv28",
"modified": "2024-10-24T15:31:08Z",
"published": "2024-10-21T12:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33954930870c18ec549e4bca0eeff43e252cb740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50d87e3b70980abc090676b6b4703fcbd96221f9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f51fc8a9e2fd96363d8ec3f4ee4b78dd64754e3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f98c3de92bb05dac4a4969df8a4595ed380b4604"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J8Q-RM2W-2GQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:18
VLAI
Details
Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.343 and 19.x through 21.x before 21.0.0.213 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.616 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1012, CVE-2016-1021, CVE-2016-1022, CVE-2016-1023, CVE-2016-1024, CVE-2016-1025, CVE-2016-1026, CVE-2016-1027, CVE-2016-1028, CVE-2016-1029, CVE-2016-1032, and CVE-2016-1033.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-04-09T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.343 and 19.x through 21.x before 21.0.0.213 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.616 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1012, CVE-2016-1021, CVE-2016-1022, CVE-2016-1023, CVE-2016-1024, CVE-2016-1025, CVE-2016-1026, CVE-2016-1027, CVE-2016-1028, CVE-2016-1029, CVE-2016-1032, and CVE-2016-1033.",
"id": "GHSA-8j8q-rm2w-2gq2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:18:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:18:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-05/msg00044.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-05/msg00045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0610.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/85932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035509"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.