Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

15457 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9FC4-HXQ5-HWJ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerEdge R640, R740, R740XD, R840, R940, R940xa, MX740c, MX840c, and T640 Server BIOS contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in systems with NVDIMM-N installed. A local malicious user with high privileges may potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to a denial of Service, arbitrary code execution, or information disclosure in UEFI or BIOS Preboot Environment.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-14T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerEdge R640, R740, R740XD, R840, R940, R940xa, MX740c, MX840c, and T640 Server BIOS contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in systems with NVDIMM-N installed. A local malicious user with high privileges may potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to a denial of Service, arbitrary code execution, or information disclosure in UEFI or BIOS Preboot Environment.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fc4-hxq5-hwj6",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:05:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000187958"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-9FCX-JCFX-V2HC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-06 00:00
VLAI
Details

nasm v2.16 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the Ndisasm component

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41420"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-03T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "nasm v2.16 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the Ndisasm component",
  "id": "GHSA-9fcx-jcfx-v2hc",
  "modified": "2022-10-06T00:00:58Z",
  "published": "2022-10-04T00:00:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.nasm.us/show_bug.cgi?id=3392810"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FG2-2F57-9P5H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-24 09:35 – Updated: 2025-05-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next character. During this process, with a line big enough it's possible to make this variable to overflow leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0690"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-24T08:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next character. During this process, with a line big enough it\u0027s possible to make this variable to overflow leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub\u0027s internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fg2-2f57-9p5h",
  "modified": "2025-05-13T21:30:28Z",
  "published": "2025-02-24T09:35:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:6990"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FG8-X4R7-QGG4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details

Stack-based buffer overflow in the getSWFlag function in Foscam Cameras C1 Lite V3, and C1 V3 with firmware 2.82.2.33 and earlier, FI9800P V3, FI9803P V4, FI9851P V3, and FI9853EP V2 2.84.2.33 and earlier, FI9816P V3, FI9821EP V2, FI9821P V3, FI9826P V3, and FI9831P V3 2.81.2.33 and earlier, C1, C1 V2, C1 Lite, and C1 Lite V2 2.52.2.47 and earlier, FI9800P, FI9800P V2, FI9803P V2, FI9803P V3, and FI9851P V2 2.54.2.47 and earlier, FI9815P, FI9815P V2, FI9816P, and FI9816P V2, 2.51.2.47 and earlier, R2 and R4 2.71.1.59 and earlier, C2 and FI9961EP 2.72.1.59 and earlier, FI9900EP, FI9900P, and FI9901EP 2.74.1.59 and earlier, FI9928P 2.74.1.58 and earlier, FI9803EP and FI9853EP 2.22.2.31 and earlier, FI9803P and FI9851P 2.24.2.31 and earlier, FI9821P V2, FI9826P V2, FI9831P V2, and FI9821EP 2.21.2.31 and earlier, FI9821W V2, FI9831W, FI9826W, FI9821P, FI9831P, and FI9826P 2.11.1.120 and earlier, FI9818W V2 2.13.2.120 and earlier, FI9805W, FI9804W, FI9804P, FI9805E, and FI9805P 2.14.1.120 and earlier, FI9828P, and FI9828W 2.13.1.120 and earlier, and FI9828P V2 2.11.1.133 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash and reboot), via the callbackJson parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6832"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in the getSWFlag function in Foscam Cameras C1 Lite V3, and C1 V3 with firmware 2.82.2.33 and earlier, FI9800P V3, FI9803P V4, FI9851P V3, and FI9853EP V2 2.84.2.33 and earlier, FI9816P V3, FI9821EP V2, FI9821P V3, FI9826P V3, and FI9831P V3 2.81.2.33 and earlier, C1, C1 V2, C1 Lite, and C1 Lite V2 2.52.2.47 and earlier, FI9800P, FI9800P V2, FI9803P V2, FI9803P V3, and FI9851P V2 2.54.2.47 and earlier, FI9815P, FI9815P V2, FI9816P, and FI9816P V2, 2.51.2.47 and earlier, R2 and R4 2.71.1.59 and earlier, C2 and FI9961EP 2.72.1.59 and earlier, FI9900EP, FI9900P, and FI9901EP 2.74.1.59 and earlier, FI9928P 2.74.1.58 and earlier, FI9803EP and FI9853EP 2.22.2.31 and earlier, FI9803P and FI9851P 2.24.2.31 and earlier, FI9821P V2, FI9826P V2, FI9831P V2, and FI9821EP 2.21.2.31 and earlier, FI9821W V2, FI9831W, FI9826W, FI9821P, FI9831P, and FI9826P 2.11.1.120 and earlier, FI9818W V2 2.13.2.120 and earlier, FI9805W, FI9804W, FI9804P, FI9805E, and FI9805P 2.14.1.120 and earlier, FI9828P, and FI9828W 2.13.1.120 and earlier, and FI9828P V2 2.11.1.133 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash and reboot), via the callbackJson parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fg8-x4r7-qgg4",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:20:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6832"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.vdoo.com/2018/06/06/vdoo-has-found-major-vulnerabilities-in-foscam-cameras"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foscam.com/company/securing-your-foscam-camera-important-notice.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FGV-4C6R-WRWV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

Bridge versions 15.1.3, 16.0.1 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21346"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T19:15:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bridge versions 15.1.3, 16.0.1 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fgv-4c6r-wrwv",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T21:31:29Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T21:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb26-21.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FHR-488X-FP7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 18:33 – Updated: 2024-08-26 18:33
VLAI
Details

Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.stb.mode parameter in the function formGetIptv.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-44553"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T16:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.stb.mode parameter in the function formGetIptv.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fhr-488x-fp7h",
  "modified": "2024-08-26T18:33:34Z",
  "published": "2024-08-26T18:33:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44553"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://detailed-stetson-767.notion.site/Tenda-AX1806-Buffer-Overflow-in-formGetIptv-74cd0418924247729bae905996ae8902?pvs=4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FJ7-9QG7-9FGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-28 00:00
VLAI
Details

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32820"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fj7-9qg7-9fgc",
  "modified": "2022-09-28T00:00:20Z",
  "published": "2022-09-25T00:00:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213340"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213343"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FJ8-8X6Q-5X7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Out-of-bounds Write in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2288"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-03T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Out-of-bounds Write in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fj8-8x6q-5x7m",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:52Z",
  "published": "2022-07-04T00:00:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2288"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c6fdb15d423df22e1776844811d082322475e48a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/a71bdcb7-4e9b-4650-ab6a-fe8e3e9852ad"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/43Y3VJPOTTY3NTREDIFUPITM2POG4ZLP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UXPO5EHDV6J4B27E65DOQGZFELUFPRSK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FJM-6W64-76R7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

Out of bounds memory access in ANGLE in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 143.0.7499.110 allowed a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14174"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T20:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Out of bounds memory access in ANGLE in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 143.0.7499.110 allowed a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-9fjm-6w64-76r7",
  "modified": "2025-12-12T21:31:38Z",
  "published": "2025-12-12T21:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/466192044"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/deployedge/microsoft-edge-relnotes-security"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-14174"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FJP-QC23-9P54

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-24 18:30 – Updated: 2023-05-24 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Twister Antivirus 8. This vulnerability affects the function 0x804f2143/0x804f217f/0x804f214b/0x80800043 in the library filppd.sys of the component IoControlCode Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-229852. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2873"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-24T18:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Twister Antivirus 8. This vulnerability affects the function 0x804f2143/0x804f217f/0x804f214b/0x80800043 in the library filppd.sys of the component IoControlCode Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-229852. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fjp-qc23-9p54",
  "modified": "2023-05-24T18:30:27Z",
  "published": "2023-05-24T18:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2873"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ABRMxr6Ek02P_WAXjyYLGQ4sHYMVQTka/view?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zeze-zeze/WindowsKernelVuln/blob/master/CVE-2023-2873"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zeze-zeze/WindowsKernelVuln/tree/master/unassigned44"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.229852"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.229852"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.