Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

15386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C2RF-QJQF-M3V7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-12 03:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.2. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42910"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T01:15:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.2. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2rf-qjqf-m3v7",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:51Z",
  "published": "2023-12-12T03:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42910"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214036"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214036"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Dec/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2RG-GPV2-725V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-04 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:18
VLAI
Details

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was found in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick. This issue may allow a local attacker to trick the user into opening a specially crafted file, resulting in an application crash and denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3428"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-04T19:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was found  in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick. This issue may allow a local attacker to trick the user into opening a specially crafted file, resulting in an application crash and denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2rg-gpv2-725v",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:18:27Z",
  "published": "2023-10-04T21:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2218369"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2RJ-9J4X-57R6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-27 18:31 – Updated: 2023-12-01 21:30
VLAI
Details

Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the devName parameter in the function formSetDeviceName.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-49047"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-27T17:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the devName parameter in the function formSetDeviceName.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2rj-9j4x-57r6",
  "modified": "2023-12-01T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-11-27T18:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49047"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Anza2001/IOT_VULN/blob/main/Tenda/AX1803/formSetDeviceName.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2VP-Q2Q2-HM8M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:41
VLAI
Details

HTTP/2 (2.4.20 through 2.4.39) very early pushes, for example configured with "H2PushResource", could lead to an overwrite of memory in the pushing request's pool, leading to crashes. The memory copied is that of the configured push link header values, not data supplied by the client.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10081"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-15T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HTTP/2 (2.4.20 through 2.4.39) very early pushes, for example configured with \"H2PushResource\", could lead to an overwrite of memory in the pushing request\u0027s pool, leading to crashes. The memory copied is that of the configured push link header values, not data supplied by the client.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2vp-q2q2-hm8m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:41:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:53:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10081"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4509"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4113-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K84341091?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K84341091?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp%3Butm_medium=RSS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190905-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201909-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Aug/47"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf6449464fd8b7437704c55f88361b66f12d5b5f90bcce66af4be4ba9@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf6449464fd8b7437704c55f88361b66f12d5b5f90bcce66af4be4ba9%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re3d27b6250aa8548b8845d314bb8a350b3df326cacbbfdfe4d455234@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re3d27b6250aa8548b8845d314bb8a350b3df326cacbbfdfe4d455234%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2fb621142e7fa187cfe12d7137bf66e7234abcbbcd800074c84a538@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2fb621142e7fa187cfe12d7137bf66e7234abcbbcd800074c84a538%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd18c3c43602e66f9cdcf09f1de233804975b9572b0456cc582390b6f@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd18c3c43602e66f9cdcf09f1de233804975b9572b0456cc582390b6f%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc998b18880df98bafaade071346690c2bc1444adaa1a1ea464b93f0a@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc998b18880df98bafaade071346690c2bc1444adaa1a1ea464b93f0a%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9f93cf6dde308d42a9c807784e8102600d0397f5f834890708bf6920@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9f93cf6dde308d42a9c807784e8102600d0397f5f834890708bf6920%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r76142b8c5119df2178be7c2dba88fde552eedeec37ea993dfce68d1d@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r76142b8c5119df2178be7c2dba88fde552eedeec37ea993dfce68d1d%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3c5c3104813c1c5508b55564b66546933079250a46ce50eee90b2e36@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3c5c3104813c1c5508b55564b66546933079250a46ce50eee90b2e36%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r06f0d87ebb6d59ed8379633f36f72f5b1f79cadfda72ede0830b42cf@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r06f0d87ebb6d59ed8379633f36f72f5b1f79cadfda72ede0830b42cf%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r03ee478b3dda3e381fd6189366fa7af97c980d2f602846eef935277d@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r03ee478b3dda3e381fd6189366fa7af97c980d2f602846eef935277d%40%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00004.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2X2-MC4F-8Q8H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-13 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in PADS Standard/Plus Viewer (All versions). The affected application contains an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PCB files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (FG-VD-22-041)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34276"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-12T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in PADS Standard/Plus Viewer (All versions). The affected application contains an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PCB files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (FG-VD-22-041)",
  "id": "GHSA-c2x2-mc4f-8q8h",
  "modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:22Z",
  "published": "2022-07-13T00:01:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34276"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-439148.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C325-HWXM-MW7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-21 00:00 – Updated: 2023-06-29 15:30
VLAI
Details

HiCOS’ client-side citizen digital certificate component has a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability when reading IC card due to insufficient parameter length validation for OS information. An unauthenticated physical attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code, manipulate system data or terminate service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32959"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-20T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "HiCOS\u2019 client-side citizen digital certificate component has a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability when reading IC card due to insufficient parameter length validation for OS information. An unauthenticated physical attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code, manipulate system data or terminate service.",
  "id": "GHSA-c325-hwxm-mw7j",
  "modified": "2023-06-29T15:30:34Z",
  "published": "2022-07-21T00:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32959"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-6290-738fe-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C32G-2MGR-CFQ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-02 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-07 20:59
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds Write in iText
Details

iText v7.1.17 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow via the component ByteBuffer.append, which allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PDF file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.1.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.itextpdf:itext7-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.1.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24197"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-07T20:59:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-01T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "iText v7.1.17 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow via the component ByteBuffer.append, which allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PDF file.",
  "id": "GHSA-c32g-2mgr-cfq7",
  "modified": "2022-02-07T20:59:22Z",
  "published": "2022-02-02T00:01:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/itext/itext7/pull/78"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/itext/itext7/pull/78#issuecomment-1089282165"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/itext/itext7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/itext/itext7/releases/tag/7.1.18"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Out-of-bounds Write in iText"
}

GHSA-C335-497W-RPM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-11 00:00
VLAI
Details

GPAC v2.1-DEV-rev232-gfcaa01ebb-master was discovered to contain a stack overflow when processing ISOM_IOD.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38530"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "GPAC v2.1-DEV-rev232-gfcaa01ebb-master was discovered to contain a stack overflow when processing ISOM_IOD.",
  "id": "GHSA-c335-497w-rpm6",
  "modified": "2022-09-11T00:00:31Z",
  "published": "2022-09-07T00:01:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38530"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/2216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5411"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C33G-F5FP-RPCQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details

D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Reset Auth Password Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20057.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35730"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Reset Auth Password Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20057.",
  "id": "GHSA-c33g-f5fp-rpcq",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35730"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1236"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C33H-PGCQ-WCXX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-09 12:30
VLAI
Details

Animate versions 23.0.7, 24.0.4 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47417"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-09T10:15:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Animate versions 23.0.7, 24.0.4 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-c33h-pgcq-wcxx",
  "modified": "2024-10-09T12:30:52Z",
  "published": "2024-10-09T12:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/animate/apsb24-76.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.