CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15320 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CVVM-X945-2WWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-07 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-07 09:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink X2000R_V2 2.0.0-B20230727.10434. This vulnerability affects the function formTmultiAP of the file /bin/boa. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. VDB-249742 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-07T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink X2000R_V2 2.0.0-B20230727.10434. This vulnerability affects the function formTmultiAP of the file /bin/boa. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. VDB-249742 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cvvm-x945-2wwp",
"modified": "2024-01-07T09:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-01-07T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unpWn4bL3/iot-security/blob/main/13.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249742"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVW9-MJ35-RWH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the addurlfilter parameter in /goform/websURLFilter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the addurlfilter parameter in /goform/websURLFilter.",
"id": "GHSA-cvw9-mj35-rwh8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/d-link/dir-816/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW2R-8W54-V2X8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-27 21:32This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. Crafted data in a U3D file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18649.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. Crafted data in a U3D file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18649.",
"id": "GHSA-cw2r-8w54-v2x8",
"modified": "2024-11-27T21:32:37Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tracker-software.com/product/pdf-xchange-editor/history"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1371"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW3P-2F69-7G9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-04 00:00Tenda AC Series Router AC18_V15.03.05.19(6318) was discovered to contain a heap overflow in the httpd module when handling /goform/saveParentControlInfo request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC Series Router AC18_V15.03.05.19(6318) was discovered to contain a heap overflow in the httpd module when handling /goform/saveParentControlInfo request.",
"id": "GHSA-cw3p-2f69-7g9p",
"modified": "2022-06-04T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-27T00:00:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lcyfrank/VulnRepo/tree/master/IoT/Tenda/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW47-5XMH-QVQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-18 21:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rsi: Fix memory corruption due to not set vif driver data size
The struct ieee80211_vif contains trailing space for vif driver data, when struct ieee80211_vif is allocated, the total memory size that is allocated is sizeof(struct ieee80211_vif) + size of vif driver data. The size of vif driver data is set by each WiFi driver as needed.
The RSI911x driver does not set vif driver data size, no trailing space for vif driver data is therefore allocated past struct ieee80211_vif . The RSI911x driver does however use the vif driver data to store its vif driver data structure "struct vif_priv". An access to vif->drv_priv leads to access out of struct ieee80211_vif bounds and corruption of some memory.
In case of the failure observed locally, rsi_mac80211_add_interface() would write struct vif_priv vif_info = (struct vif_priv )vif->drv_priv; vif_info->vap_id = vap_idx. This write corrupts struct fq_tin member struct list_head new_flows . The flow = list_first_entry(head, struct fq_flow, flowchain); in fq_tin_reset() then reports non-NULL bogus address, which when accessed causes a crash.
The trigger is very simple, boot the machine with init=/bin/sh , mount devtmpfs, sysfs, procfs, and then do "ip link set wlan0 up", "sleep 1", "ip link set wlan0 down" and the crash occurs.
Fix this by setting the correct size of vif driver data, which is the size of "struct vif_priv", so that memory is allocated and the driver can store its driver data in it, instead of corrupting memory around it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T17:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rsi: Fix memory corruption due to not set vif driver data size\n\nThe struct ieee80211_vif contains trailing space for vif driver data,\nwhen struct ieee80211_vif is allocated, the total memory size that is\nallocated is sizeof(struct ieee80211_vif) + size of vif driver data.\nThe size of vif driver data is set by each WiFi driver as needed.\n\nThe RSI911x driver does not set vif driver data size, no trailing space\nfor vif driver data is therefore allocated past struct ieee80211_vif .\nThe RSI911x driver does however use the vif driver data to store its\nvif driver data structure \"struct vif_priv\". An access to vif-\u003edrv_priv\nleads to access out of struct ieee80211_vif bounds and corruption of\nsome memory.\n\nIn case of the failure observed locally, rsi_mac80211_add_interface()\nwould write struct vif_priv *vif_info = (struct vif_priv *)vif-\u003edrv_priv;\nvif_info-\u003evap_id = vap_idx. This write corrupts struct fq_tin member\nstruct list_head new_flows . The flow = list_first_entry(head, struct\nfq_flow, flowchain); in fq_tin_reset() then reports non-NULL bogus\naddress, which when accessed causes a crash.\n\nThe trigger is very simple, boot the machine with init=/bin/sh , mount\ndevtmpfs, sysfs, procfs, and then do \"ip link set wlan0 up\", \"sleep 1\",\n\"ip link set wlan0 down\" and the crash occurs.\n\nFix this by setting the correct size of vif driver data, which is the\nsize of \"struct vif_priv\", so that memory is allocated and the driver\ncan store its driver data in it, instead of corrupting memory around\nit.",
"id": "GHSA-cw47-5xmh-qvq4",
"modified": "2026-03-18T21:32:57Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T18:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d7c9e793e351cbbe9e06a9ca47d77b6ad288fb0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31efbcff90884ea5f65bf3d1de01267db51ee3d1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49ef094fdbc3526e5db2aebb404b84f79c5603dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f431d88ea8093afc7ba55edf4652978c5a68f33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7761d7801f40e61069b4df3db88b36d80d089f8a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c54d0c3e2cad4300be721ec2aecfcf8a63bc9f4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99129d80a5d4989ef8566f434f3589f60f28042b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW55-RH4H-547C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-31 00:00tcprewrite in Tcpreplay 4.4.1 has a heap-based buffer over-read in get_l2len_protocol in common/get.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27941"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-26T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "tcprewrite in Tcpreplay 4.4.1 has a heap-based buffer over-read in get_l2len_protocol in common/get.c.",
"id": "GHSA-cw55-rh4h-547c",
"modified": "2022-03-31T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-03-27T00:00:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/appneta/tcpreplay/issues/716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5B75AFRJUGOYHCFG2ZV2JKSUPA6MSCT5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ECRCFJ6X3IVB7BT4KS6AHQMSL532YXYD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JWRZO7BG6DHA5NAC3COB45WFXLYRIERC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW57-3GG4-75XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-24 21:31A vulnerability was found in Tenda W15E 15.11.0.14. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function guestWifiRuleRefresh. The manipulation of the argument qosGuestDownstream leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. VDB-261870 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-24T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda W15E 15.11.0.14. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function guestWifiRuleRefresh. The manipulation of the argument qosGuestDownstream leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. VDB-261870 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cw57-3gg4-75xr",
"modified": "2024-04-24T21:31:56Z",
"published": "2024-04-24T21:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/W15Ev1.0/guestWifiRuleRefresh.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.261870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.261870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.317832"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW72-F9MW-H9C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:38In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
libbpf: Use OPTS_SET() macro in bpf_xdp_query()
When the feature_flags and xdp_zc_max_segs fields were added to the libbpf bpf_xdp_query_opts, the code writing them did not use the OPTS_SET() macro. This causes libbpf to write to those fields unconditionally, which means that programs compiled against an older version of libbpf (with a smaller size of the bpf_xdp_query_opts struct) will have its stack corrupted by libbpf writing out of bounds.
The patch adding the feature_flags field has an early bail out if the feature_flags field is not part of the opts struct (via the OPTS_HAS) macro, but the patch adding xdp_zc_max_segs does not. For consistency, this fix just changes the assignments to both fields to use the OPTS_SET() macro.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-01T13:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlibbpf: Use OPTS_SET() macro in bpf_xdp_query()\n\nWhen the feature_flags and xdp_zc_max_segs fields were added to the libbpf\nbpf_xdp_query_opts, the code writing them did not use the OPTS_SET() macro.\nThis causes libbpf to write to those fields unconditionally, which means\nthat programs compiled against an older version of libbpf (with a smaller\nsize of the bpf_xdp_query_opts struct) will have its stack corrupted by\nlibbpf writing out of bounds.\n\nThe patch adding the feature_flags field has an early bail out if the\nfeature_flags field is not part of the opts struct (via the OPTS_HAS)\nmacro, but the patch adding xdp_zc_max_segs does not. For consistency, this\nfix just changes the assignments to both fields to use the OPTS_SET()\nmacro.",
"id": "GHSA-cw72-f9mw-h9c4",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:38:03Z",
"published": "2024-05-01T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/682ddd62abd4bdcee7584246903e7a2df005fe0d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92a871ab9fa59a74d013bc04f321026a057618e7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd3be9843247edb8fc6fcd8d8237cbce2bc19f5e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fa5bef5e80c6a3321b2b1a7070436f3bc5daf07c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW79-PG42-CFVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 00:33 – Updated: 2025-01-22 18:31In build_read_multi_rsp of gatt_sr.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T23:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In build_read_multi_rsp of gatt_sr.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-cw79-pg42-cfvq",
"modified": "2025-01-22T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2025-01-22T00:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-01-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW7C-4R65-XF9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31Integer overflow in computing the required allocation size when instantiating a new javascript object in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 65.0.3325.146 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Integer overflow in computing the required allocation size when instantiating a new javascript object in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 65.0.3325.146 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-cw7c-4r65-xf9h",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/808192"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2018-6065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103297"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.