Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15239 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G48J-G3PH-V49C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:05
VLAI
Details
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in function H5S_close in H5S.c in HDF5 1.10.4 allows remote attackers to run arbitrary code via creation of crafted file.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-18494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in function H5S_close in H5S.c in HDF5 1.10.4 allows remote attackers to run arbitrary code via creation of crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-g48j-g3ph-v49c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:05:28Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-18494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/magicSwordsMan/PAAFS/tree/master/vul12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G48V-MC75-QMW9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:28
VLAI
Details
Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20063 and earlier, 2017.011.30102 and earlier, and 2015.006.30452 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-12T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20063 and earlier, 2017.011.30102 and earlier, and 2015.006.30452 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-g48v-mc75-qmw9",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:28:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:28:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-30.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2018/50-adobe-cves-in-50-days"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041809"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G495-4JQX-CP59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: convert inline data to extents when truncate exceeds inline size
Add a check in ext4_setattr() to convert files from inline data storage to extent-based storage when truncate() grows the file size beyond the inline capacity. This prevents the filesystem from entering an inconsistent state where the inline data flag is set but the file size exceeds what can be stored inline.
Without this fix, the following sequence causes a kernel BUG_ON():
- Mount filesystem with inode that has inline flag set and small size
- truncate(file, 50MB) - grows size but inline flag remains set
- sendfile() attempts to write data
- ext4_write_inline_data() hits BUG_ON(write_size > inline_capacity)
The crash occurs because ext4_write_inline_data() expects inline storage to accommodate the write, but the actual inline capacity (~60 bytes for i_block + ~96 bytes for xattrs) is far smaller than the file size and write request.
The fix checks if the new size from setattr exceeds the inode's actual inline capacity (EXT4_I(inode)->i_inline_size) and converts the file to extent-based storage before proceeding with the size change.
This addresses the root cause by ensuring the inline data flag and file size remain consistent during truncate operations.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T14:16:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: convert inline data to extents when truncate exceeds inline size\n\nAdd a check in ext4_setattr() to convert files from inline data storage\nto extent-based storage when truncate() grows the file size beyond the\ninline capacity. This prevents the filesystem from entering an\ninconsistent state where the inline data flag is set but the file size\nexceeds what can be stored inline.\n\nWithout this fix, the following sequence causes a kernel BUG_ON():\n\n1. Mount filesystem with inode that has inline flag set and small size\n2. truncate(file, 50MB) - grows size but inline flag remains set\n3. sendfile() attempts to write data\n4. ext4_write_inline_data() hits BUG_ON(write_size \u003e inline_capacity)\n\nThe crash occurs because ext4_write_inline_data() expects inline storage\nto accommodate the write, but the actual inline capacity (~60 bytes for\ni_block + ~96 bytes for xattrs) is far smaller than the file size and\nwrite request.\n\nThe fix checks if the new size from setattr exceeds the inode\u0027s actual\ninline capacity (EXT4_I(inode)-\u003ei_inline_size) and converts the file to\nextent-based storage before proceeding with the size change.\n\nThis addresses the root cause by ensuring the inline data flag and file\nsize remain consistent during truncate operations.",
"id": "GHSA-g495-4jqx-cp59",
"modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07c1a31af18290054da3d18221b8bf58983c5d3a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110d7ef602659ce4d7947c5480f7ca2779696aaf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/699bac4d4c951974d55b045c983d1de777215949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7920dcc571cef3d8aa9ee109c136125d61d41669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93cb2d103e5c707de0f7ad58a39b7f0fddc27aa6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c047332be7195833a5c5126816c2502df8269fe4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed9356a30e59c7cc3198e7fc46cfedf3767b9b17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f53a5d9f32924bc2a810d2df243b7714da58b636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4CC-75RH-QVMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:18
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in LibTIFF 4.0.9. There are two out-of-bounds writes in cpTags in tools/tiff2bw.c and tools/pal2rgb.c, which can cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted image file.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17101"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-16T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in LibTIFF 4.0.9. There are two out-of-bounds writes in cpTags in tools/tiff2bw.c and tools/pal2rgb.c, which can cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted image file.",
"id": "GHSA-g4cc-75rh-qvmv",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:18:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:18:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/merge_requests/33/diffs?commit_id=f1b94e8a3ba49febdd3361c0214a1d1149251577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00019.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3864-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3906-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugzilla.maptools.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105370"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4CF-3PJW-W4XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 21:32 – Updated: 2025-05-12 21:31
VLAI
Details
TOTOlink A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability. The vulnerability arises from the improper input validation of the NoticeUrl parameter in the setNoticeCfg interface of /lib/cste_modules/system.so.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T20:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability. The vulnerability arises from the improper input validation of the NoticeUrl parameter in the setNoticeCfg interface of /lib/cste_modules/system.so.",
"id": "GHSA-g4cf-3pjw-w4xj",
"modified": "2025-05-12T21:31:08Z",
"published": "2025-05-08T21:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SunnyYANGyaya/cuicuishark-sheep-fishIOT/blob/main/ToTolink/A950RG/5024-setNoticeCFG-NoticURL-buffer.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4F9-8RCM-7RMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details
D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Change ID Password Auth Username Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20060.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Change ID Password Auth Username Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20060.",
"id": "GHSA-g4f9-8rcm-7rmj",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1239"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4FF-54HW-HJ6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 12:30 – Updated: 2026-08-03 12:32
VLAI
Details
A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was found in GStreamer's rfbsrc plugin. When a client connects to a malicious RFB/VNC server that advertises a 16bpp framebuffer and sends Hextile-encoded updates, the Hextile background fill path writes 32-bit pixel values into a buffer allocated for 16-bit pixels. This type mismatch causes an out-of-bounds heap write that can lead to denial of service (process crash) and potential memory corruption.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T11:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was found in GStreamer\u0027s rfbsrc plugin. When a client connects to a malicious RFB/VNC server that advertises a 16bpp framebuffer and sends Hextile-encoded updates, the Hextile background fill path writes 32-bit pixel values into a buffer allocated for 16-bit pixels. This type mismatch causes an out-of-bounds heap write that can lead to denial of service (process crash) and potential memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-g4ff-54hw-hj6r",
"modified": "2026-08-03T12:32:36Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2497343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer-security/-/merge_requests/100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/work_items/5173"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4FR-FFVG-P5W6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16
VLAI
Details
The function number_format is vulnerable to a heap overflow issue when its second argument ($dec_points) is excessively large. The internal implementation of the function will cause a string to be created with an invalid length, which can then interact poorly with other functions. This affects all supported versions of HHVM (3.30.1 and 3.27.5 and below).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-15T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The function number_format is vulnerable to a heap overflow issue when its second argument ($dec_points) is excessively large. The internal implementation of the function will cause a string to be created with an invalid length, which can then interact poorly with other functions. This affects all supported versions of HHVM (3.30.1 and 3.27.5 and below).",
"id": "GHSA-g4fr-ffvg-p5w6",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/commit/190ffdf6c8b1ec443be202c7d69e63a7e3da25e3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hhvm.com/blog/2019/01/14/hhvm-3.30.2.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4H3-3V97-VPWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:07
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller 1.7.1.0 and earlier. The Web Application allows Arbitrary Read/Write actions by authenticated users. The API allows an HTTP POST of arbitrary content into any file on the filesystem as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller 1.7.1.0 and earlier. The Web Application allows Arbitrary Read/Write actions by authenticated users. The API allows an HTTP POST of arbitrary content into any file on the filesystem as root.",
"id": "GHSA-g4h3-3v97-vpwx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:07:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:07:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://korelogic.com/advisories.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/May/77"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G4H7-78C4-PF5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in Open Design Alliance Drawings SDK before 2021.11. A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists when the recover operation is run with malformed .DXF and .DWG files. This can allow attackers to cause a crash potentially enabling a denial of service attack (Crash, Exit, or Restart) or possible code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-18T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Open Design Alliance Drawings SDK before 2021.11. A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists when the recover operation is run with malformed .DXF and .DWG files. This can allow attackers to cause a crash potentially enabling a denial of service attack (Crash, Exit, or Restart) or possible code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-g4h7-78c4-pf5f",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-155599.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-663999.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.opendesign.com/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-243"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.