Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15239 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G559-2FPC-QHGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:01
VLAI
Details
wolfSSL wolfMQTT 1.9 has a heap-based buffer overflow in MqttClient_DecodePacket (called from MqttClient_WaitType and MqttClient_Unsubscribe).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-01T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "wolfSSL wolfMQTT 1.9 has a heap-based buffer overflow in MqttClient_DecodePacket (called from MqttClient_WaitType and MqttClient_Unsubscribe).",
"id": "GHSA-g559-2fpc-qhgf",
"modified": "2022-01-12T00:01:56Z",
"published": "2022-01-02T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfMQTT/commit/84d4b53122e0fa0280c7872350b89d5777dabbb2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=39056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/wolfmqtt/OSV-2021-1353.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G55Q-X3WR-746F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 15:30
VLAI
Details
Local privilege escalation due to improper input validation. The following products are affected: Acronis DeviceLock DLP (Windows) before build 9.0.93212, Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 42183.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T15:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Local privilege escalation due to improper input validation. The following products are affected: Acronis DeviceLock DLP (Windows) before build 9.0.93212, Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 42183.",
"id": "GHSA-g55q-x3wr-746f",
"modified": "2026-04-29T15:30:39Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-10296"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G57G-M47W-X4JF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-10-08 00:00
VLAI
Details
Adobe Illustrator version 25.2.3 (and earlier) is affected by an memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787",
"CWE-788"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-20T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Illustrator version 25.2.3 (and earlier) is affected by an memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-g57g-m47w-x4jf",
"modified": "2022-10-08T00:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb21-42.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1147"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G57H-36GC-FRW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-09 00:00
VLAI
Details
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22672"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-26T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-g57h-36gc-frw8",
"modified": "2022-06-09T00:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-27T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22672"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G57M-H46P-42QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:33
VLAI
Details
In MakeMP>G4VideoCodecSpecificData of APacketSource.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution in the media server with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android ID: A-123701862
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-2044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-08T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In MakeMP\u003eG4VideoCodecSpecificData of APacketSource.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution in the media server with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android ID: A-123701862",
"id": "GHSA-g57m-h46p-42qc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:33:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-05-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G57V-2687-JX33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-03 09:30 – Updated: 2024-11-22 18:19
VLAI
Summary
PaddlePaddle stack overflow in paddle.linalg.lu_unpack
Details
Stack overflow in paddle.linalg.lu_unpack in PaddlePaddle before 2.6.0. This flaw can lead to a denial of service, or even more damage.
Severity
8.2 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "PaddlePaddle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-03T21:56:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-03T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack overflow in paddle.linalg.lu_unpack\u00a0in PaddlePaddle before 2.6.0. This flaw can lead to a denial of service, or even more damage.\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-g57v-2687-jx33",
"modified": "2024-11-22T18:19:20Z",
"published": "2024-01-03T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/commit/6fdb316c8b0eb747e5324907e352824c9dba8215"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/security/advisory/pdsa-2023-016.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/paddlepaddle/PYSEC-2024-139.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PaddlePaddle stack overflow in paddle.linalg.lu_unpack"
}
GHSA-G586-9CJH-F4C9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-10 21:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()
syzbot reported this bug:
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822 Write of size 4507 at addr ffff888032b6b000 by task syz.2.320/7260
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7260 Comm: syz.2.320 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-syzkaller-00301-g3bde70a2c827 #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline] print_report+0xc3/0x670 mm/kasan/report.c:521 kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:634 check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline] kasan_check_range+0xef/0x1a0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189 __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106 trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline] tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822 .... ==================================================================
It has been reported that trace_seq_to_buffer() tries to copy more data than PAGE_SIZE to buf. Therefore, to prevent this, we should use the smaller of trace_seq_used(&iter->seq) and PAGE_SIZE as an argument.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-37923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T16:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()\n\nsyzbot reported this bug:\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\nWrite of size 4507 at addr ffff888032b6b000 by task syz.2.320/7260\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7260 Comm: syz.2.320 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-syzkaller-00301-g3bde70a2c827 #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]\n print_report+0xc3/0x670 mm/kasan/report.c:521\n kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:634\n check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]\n kasan_check_range+0xef/0x1a0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189\n __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106\n trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\n tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\n ....\n==================================================================\n\nIt has been reported that trace_seq_to_buffer() tries to copy more data\nthan PAGE_SIZE to buf. Therefore, to prevent this, we should use the\nsmaller of trace_seq_used(\u0026iter-\u003eseq) and PAGE_SIZE as an argument.",
"id": "GHSA-g586-9cjh-f4c9",
"modified": "2025-11-10T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G587-X8M2-FRWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:23 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:23
VLAI
Details
A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows font library improperly handles specially crafted fonts.For all systems except Windows 10, an attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could execute code remotely, aka 'Windows Font Library Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-1436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-14T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows font library improperly handles specially crafted fonts.For all systems except Windows 10, an attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could execute code remotely, aka \u0027Windows Font Library Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-g587-x8m2-frwg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:23:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:23:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-1436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/08/25/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/08/25/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G592-965H-FH64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-06 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 21:31
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in libbzip3.a in bzip3 before 1.3.0. A bz3_decode_block out-of-bounds write can occur with a crafted archive because bzip3 does not follow the required procedure for interacting with libsais.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29416"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-06T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in libbzip3.a in bzip3 before 1.3.0. A bz3_decode_block out-of-bounds write can occur with a crafted archive because bzip3 does not follow the required procedure for interacting with libsais.",
"id": "GHSA-g592-965h-fh64",
"modified": "2025-02-13T21:31:42Z",
"published": "2023-04-06T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kspalaiologos/bzip3/issues/92"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kspalaiologos/bzip3/commit/bfa5bf82b53715dfedf048e5859a46cf248668ff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kspalaiologos/bzip3/compare/1.2.3...1.3.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4JLSE25SV7K2NB6FTFT4UHJOJUHBHYHY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NA7S7HDUAINOTCSWQZ5LIW756DYY22V2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NMLFV2FJK3CM7NJLVPZI5RUAFQZICPWW"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4JLSE25SV7K2NB6FTFT4UHJOJUHBHYHY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NA7S7HDUAINOTCSWQZ5LIW756DYY22V2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NMLFV2FJK3CM7NJLVPZI5RUAFQZICPWW"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G59F-FWHQ-FR4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22
VLAI
Details
Genivia gSOAP 2.7.x and 2.8.x before 2.8.75 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application abort) or possibly have unspecified other impact if a server application is built with the -DWITH_COOKIES flag. This affects the C/C++ libgsoapck/libgsoapck++ and libgsoapssl/libgsoapssl++ libraries, as these are built with that flag.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7659"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-09T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Genivia gSOAP 2.7.x and 2.8.x before 2.8.75 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application abort) or possibly have unspecified other impact if a server application is built with the -DWITH_COOKIES flag. This affects the C/C++ libgsoapck/libgsoapck++ and libgsoapssl/libgsoapssl++ libraries, as these are built with that flag.",
"id": "GHSA-g59f-fwhq-fr4r",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:22:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://outpost24.com/blog/gsoap-vulnerability-identified"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.genivia.com/advisory.html#Bug_in_gSOAP_versions_2.7.0_to_2.8.74_for_applications_built_with_the_WITH_COOKIES_flag_enabled_(Jan_14,_2019)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.