CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2177 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PH78-5Q58-GQXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2023-03-03 18:30A clone version of an ELM327 OBD2 Bluetooth device has a hardcoded PIN, leading to arbitrary commands to an OBD-II bus of a vehicle, as demonstrated by turning off the vehicle's lights.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-31T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A clone version of an ELM327 OBD2 Bluetooth device has a hardcoded PIN, leading to arbitrary commands to an OBD-II bus of a vehicle, as demonstrated by turning off the vehicle\u0027s lights.",
"id": "GHSA-ph78-5q58-gqxj",
"modified": "2023-03-03T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.914060.1561621279!/Ludvig%20and%20Daniel_final_dongles.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.914063.1561621564!/Marstorp%20%26%20Lindstrom%2C%20Security%20Testing%20of%20an%20OBD-II%20Connected%20IoT%20Device.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.917488.1564430206!/elm327.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PHVQ-JFG5-V663
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:10 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:10An issue was discovered on the D-Link DWR-932B router. Undocumented TELNET and SSH services provide logins to admin with the password admin and root with the password 1234.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-30T04:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on the D-Link DWR-932B router. Undocumented TELNET and SSH services provide logins to admin with the password admin and root with the password 1234.",
"id": "GHSA-phvq-jfg5-v663",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:10:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:10:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2016-09-28-dlink-dwr-932b-lte-routers-vulnerabilities.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95877"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJFQ-94VC-MG9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-03 00:00The Motorola ACE1000 RTU through 2022-05-02 uses ECB encryption unsafely. It can communicate with an XRT LAN-to-radio gateway by means of an embedded client. Credentials for accessing this gateway are stored after being encrypted with the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) in ECB mode using a hardcoded key. Similarly, the ACE1000 RTU can route MDLC traffic over Extended Command and Management Protocol (XCMP) and Network Layer (XNL) networks via the MDLC driver. Authentication to the XNL port is protected by TEA in ECB mode using a hardcoded key.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30274"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-26T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Motorola ACE1000 RTU through 2022-05-02 uses ECB encryption unsafely. It can communicate with an XRT LAN-to-radio gateway by means of an embedded client. Credentials for accessing this gateway are stored after being encrypted with the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) in ECB mode using a hardcoded key. Similarly, the ACE1000 RTU can route MDLC traffic over Extended Command and Management Protocol (XCMP) and Network Layer (XNL) networks via the MDLC driver. Authentication to the XNL port is protected by TEA in ECB mode using a hardcoded key.",
"id": "GHSA-pjfq-94vc-mg9w",
"modified": "2022-08-03T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-07-27T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-179-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.forescout.com/blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJFV-C533-56M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41An issue was discovered on FiberHome HG6245D devices through RP2613. The web daemon contains the hardcoded trueadmin / admintrue credentials for an ISP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-10T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on FiberHome HG6245D devices through RP2613. The web daemon contains the hardcoded trueadmin / admintrue credentials for an ISP.",
"id": "GHSA-pjfv-c533-56m2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2021-01-12-fiberhome-ont-0day-vulnerabilities.html#httpd-hardcoded-credentials"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PJJR-P37C-24QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:50An issue was discovered on Foscam C2 devices with System Firmware 1.11.1.8 and Application Firmware 2.72.1.32, and Opticam i5 devices with System Firmware 1.5.2.11 and Application Firmware 2.21.1.128. The admin account has a blank password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-07T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Foscam C2 devices with System Firmware 1.11.1.8 and Application Firmware 2.72.1.32, and Opticam i5 devices with System Firmware 1.5.2.11 and Application Firmware 2.21.1.128. The admin account has a blank password.",
"id": "GHSA-pjjr-p37c-24qg",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:50:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:50:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sintonen.fi/advisories/foscam-ip-camera-multiple-vulnerabilities.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJX5-3639-8FM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-04 18:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against users of the interface of an affected system.
This vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting malicious code into specific data fields in the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T17:16:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against users of the interface of an affected system.\n\nThis vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting malicious code into specific data fields in the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must have valid administrative credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-pjx5-3639-8fm2",
"modified": "2026-02-04T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-pi-xss-bYeVKCD"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PM3Q-5QR2-8728
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 20:06 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01TOTOLINK A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password for root at /etc/shadow.sample.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36612"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password for root at /etc/shadow.sample.",
"id": "GHSA-pm3q-5qr2-8728",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:08Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T20:06:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36612"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/whiter6666/CVE/blob/main/TOTOLINK_A950RG/hard_code.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PM48-M4W3-255F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:40Sangoma FreePBX 1805 through 2203 on Linux contains hardcoded credentials for the Asterisk REST Interface (ARI), which allows remote attackers to reconfigure Asterisk and make external and internal calls via HTTP and WebSocket requests sent to the API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T12:39:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Sangoma FreePBX 1805 through 2203 on Linux contains hardcoded credentials for the Asterisk REST Interface (ARI), which allows remote attackers to reconfigure Asterisk and make external and internal calls via HTTP and WebSocket requests sent to the API.",
"id": "GHSA-pm48-m4w3-255f",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:40:08Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T15:32:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://qsecure.com.cy/resources/advisories/sangoma-freepbx-linux-hardcoded-credentials"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PMGH-JV2X-393J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:48 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:45The getUserzoneCookie function in Kaltura before 13.2.0 uses a hardcoded cookie secret to validate cookie signatures, which allows remote attackers to bypass an intended protection mechanism and consequently conduct PHP object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via a crafted userzone cookie.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-19T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The getUserzoneCookie function in Kaltura before 13.2.0 uses a hardcoded cookie secret to validate cookie signatures, which allows remote attackers to bypass an intended protection mechanism and consequently conduct PHP object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via a crafted userzone cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-pmgh-jv2x-393j",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:45:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:48:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kaltura/server/commit/6a6d14328b7a1493e8c47f9565461e5f88be20c9#diff-0770640cc76112cbf77bebc604852682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://telekomsecurity.github.io/assets/advisories/20170912_kaltura-advisory.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100976"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPVP-WH9G-PG5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32A reliance on a static, hard-coded credential in the design of the cloud-based storage system of Practecol's Guardzilla All-In-One Video Security System allows an attacker to view the private data of all users of the Guardzilla device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-31T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A reliance on a static, hard-coded credential in the design of the cloud-based storage system of Practecol\u0027s Guardzilla All-In-One Video Security System allows an attacker to view the private data of all users of the Guardzilla device.",
"id": "GHSA-ppvp-wh9g-pg5w",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2018/12/27/r7-2018-52-guardzilla-iot-video-camera-hard-coded-credential-cve-2018-5560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.0dayallday.org/guardzilla-video-camera-hard-coded-aws-credentials"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.